Table 2.
Association between progression to ESRD and AKI, comparing PPI and H2B users (primary analysis and sensitivity analysis)
| PPI users (n = 1,051) |
H2B users (n = 5,138) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary analysis (Intention-to-treat design) | ||||
| Progression to ESRD | 102 (9.71) | 378 (7.36) | 1.613 (1.296–2.007) | 1.495 (1.198–1.867) |
| AKI | 65 (6.18) | 247(4.81) | 1.506 (1.146–1.980) | 1.395 (1.058–1.840) |
| Sensitivity analysis (PS 1:1 matching design, n = 1051 in both users) | ||||
| Progression to ESRD | 102 (9.71) | 89 (8.47) | - | 1.359 (1.023–1.807) |
| AKI | 65 (6.18) | 39 (3.71) | - | 1.903 (1.279–2.831) |
| Sensitivity analysis (As-treated design) | ||||
| Progression to ESRD | 36 (3.43) | 93 (1.81) | 2.300 (1.571–3.370) | 2.184 (1.477–3.229) |
| AKI | 39 (3.71) | 99 (1.93) | 2.144 (1.452–3.166) | 1.909 (1.284–2.837) |
PS: Propensity score; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; H2B, H2 blocker
aAdjusted variables: age, gender, Comorbidities (GERD, GI hemorrhage, Peptic ulcer disease, HP infection, Cerebrovascular disease, Peripheral artery disease, Cardiovascular disease, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, COPD, Dementia, Cancer, Viral hepatitis), Medication history (NSAIDs, RAAS inhibitors, Calcineurin inhibitors, Diuretics, Antivirals, Antibiotics, CCBs, β-blockers, Antithrombotics, Statins)