Table 3.
The effect of individual PPI use on the risk of ESRD (vs. H2B, event rate = 7.36%) and AKI (vs. H2B, event rate = 4.81%)
| Individual PPI | N | Events | (Event rate, %) | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progression to ESRD | |||||
| Dexlansoprazole | 23 | 3 | (13.04) | 1.89 | (0.60–5.95) |
| Omeprazole | 132 | 16 | (12.12) | 1.78 | (1.08–2.95)* |
| Esomeprazole | 390 | 41 | (10.51) | 1.85 | (1.33–2.56)* |
| Lansoprazole | 160 | 16 | (10.00) | 1.29 | (0.78–2.13) |
| Pantoprazole | 289 | 24 | (8.30) | 1.19 | (0.78–1.80) |
| Rabeprazole | 57 | 0 | (0.00) | 0.58 | (0.14–2.32) |
| AKI | |||||
| Omeprazole | 132 | 11 | (8.33) | 1.83 | (1.00-3.36) |
| Pantoprazole | 289 | 16 | (5.54) | 1.24 | (0.75–2.07) |
| Lansoprazole | 160 | 9 | (5.63) | 1.12 | (0.58–2.19) |
| Rabeprazole | 57 | 0 | (0.00) | - | - |
| Esomeprazole | 390 | 29 | (7.44) | 1.84 | (1.25–2.71) |
| Dexlansoprazole | 23 | 0 | (0.00) | 0.00 | - |
*p < 0.05
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; H2B, H2 blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitors
aAdjusted variables: age, gender, Comorbidities (GERD, GI hemorrhage, Peptic ulcer disease, HP infection, Cerebrovascular disease, Peripheral artery disease, Cardiovascular disease, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, COPD, Dementia, Cancer, Viral hepatitis), Medication history (NSAIDs, RAAS inhibitors, Calcineurin inhibitors, Diuretics, Antivirals, Antibiotics, CCBs, β-blockers, Antithrombotics, Statins)