Table 3.
Characteristics of AF Patients Taking VKA and NOACs (N=93)
| S.N. | Variables | Total OAC Sample (n=93) | VKA (n=34) |
NOAC (n=59) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Age, n (%) | ||||
| 18 to 64 years | 37(39.8) | 18(52.9) | 19(32.2) | ||
| 65 to 74 years | 34(36.6) | 14(41.2) | 20(33.9) | 0.007* | |
| ≥ 75 years | 22(23.7) | 2(5.9) | 20(33.9) | ||
| 2 | Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 58(62.4) | 24(70.6) | 34(57.6) | 0.214 | |
| Male | 35(37.6) | 10(29.4) | 25(42.4) | ||
| 3 | Education level, n (%) | ||||
| No formal education | 71(76.3) | 20(58.8) | 51(86.4) | ||
| Below SLC | 15(16.1) | 9(26.5) | 6(10.2) | 0.008* | |
| SLC and above | 7(7.5) | 5(14.7) | 2(3.4) | ||
| 4 | Employment, n (%) | ||||
| Employed | 5(5.4) | 3(8.8) | 2(3.4) | 0.263 | |
| Unemployed | 88(94.6) | 31(91.2) | 57(96.6) | ||
| 5 | Duration since diagnosis of AF, n (%) | ||||
| Less than 2 years | 32(34.4) | 2(5.9) | 30(50.8) | <0.001* | |
| More than 2 years | 61(65.6) | 32(94.1) | 29(49.2) | ||
| 6 | Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 3(3.2) | 1(2.9) | 2(3.4) | 0.666 | |
| No | 31(33.3) | 9(26.5) | 22(37.3) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 59(63.4) | 24(70.6) | 35(59.3) | ||
| 7 | Alcohol, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 2(2.2) | 1(2.9) | 1(1.7) | 1.000 | |
| No | 39(41.9) | 14(41.2) | 25(42.4) | ||
| Ex-drinker | 52(55.9) | 19(55.9) | 33(55.9) | ||
| 8 | CHA2DS2VASC risk, n (%) | ||||
| Low risk (0) | 5(5.4) | 4(11.8) | 1(1.7) | ||
| Intermediate risk (1) | 19(20.4) | 12(35.3) | 7(11.9) | <0.001* | |
| High risk (≥2) | 69(74.2) | 18(52.9) | 51(86.4) | ||
| 9 | HASBLED risk, n (%) | ||||
| Low risk (0) | 32(34.4) | 15(44.1) | 17(28.8) | 0.245 | |
| Moderate risk (1–2) | 60(64.5) | 19(55.9) | 41(69.5) | ||
| High risk (≥3) | 1(1.1) | - | 1(1.7) | ||
| 10 | Duration since OAC use, n (%) | ||||
| Less than 2 years | 36(38.7) | 2(5.9) | 34(57.6) | ||
| More than 2 years | 57(61.3) | 32(94.1) | 25(42.4) | <0.001* | |
| 11 | RHD | ||||
| No | 69(74.2) | 12(35.3) | 57(96.6) | <0.001* | |
| Yes | 24(25.8) | 22(64.7) | 2(3.4) | ||
| 12 | COPD | ||||
| No | 74(79.6) | 29(85.3) | 45(76.3) | 0.299 | |
| Yes | 19(20.4) | 5(14.7) | 14(23.7) | ||
| 13 | Hypertension | ||||
| No | 58(62.4) | 31(91.2) | 27(45.8) | <0.001* | |
| Yes | 35(37.6) | 3(8.8) | 32(54.2) | ||
| 14 | Age (65–74 years) | ||||
| No | 41(44.1) | 19(55.9) | 22(37.3) | 0.082 | |
| Yes | 52(55.9) | 15(44.1) | 37(62.7) | ||
| 15 | Age (>75 years) | ||||
| No | 72(77.4) | 32(94.1) | 40(67.8) | 0.003* | |
| Yes | 21(22.6) | 2(5.9) | 19(32.2) | ||
| 16 | Diabetes Mellitus | ||||
| No | 81(87.1) | 32(94.1) | 49(83.1) | 0.125 | |
| Yes | 12(12.9) | 2(5.9) | 10(16.1) | ||
| 17 | Prior Stroke | ||||
| No | 82(88.2) | 29(85.3) | 53(89.8) | 0.514 | |
| Yes | 11(11.8) | 5(14.7) | 6(10.2) | ||
| 18 | Bleeding History | ||||
| No | 86(92.5) | 30(88.2) | 56(94.9) | 0.240 | |
| Yes | 7(7.5) | 4(11.8) | 3(5.1) |
Note: (*) indicates statistical significance with p<0.05 (95% confidence interval).
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; VKA, Vitamin K antagonists; NOACs, Non Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants; CHA2DS2VASC, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; HASBLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly (. 65 years), Drugs/alcohol concomitantly; BMI, Body Mass Index; OAC, Oral Anticoagulants; RHD, Rheumatic Heart Disease; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.