Table 2.
Summary of included studies and indications of 2nd line treatment.
| Year | Title | No. of pts | Female gender (%) | Underlying thyroid condition | Indication for 2nd line treatment | Type of operation | 2nd line agents used | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graves’ Disease | TNG | Others* | ATD intolerance | Insufficient response to ATD | Thyroidectomy | Others | |||||
| 2022 | Therapeutic plasma exchange in hyperthyroidism prior to surgery | 11 | 10 (90.9%) | 7 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 1 | Beta blockers, TPE |
| 2022 | Efficacy of preoperative therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with hyperthyroidism and factors affecting the number of sessions | 21 | 12 (57.1%) | 20 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 2 | 20 | 1 | Beta blockers, steroids, cholestyramine, lithium, iodine, TPE |
| 2022 | Comparison of urgent and elective thyroidectomy complications in Graves’ disease | 113 | 92 (81.4%) | 113 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 113 | 0 | Steroids, iodine |
| 2021 | Therapeutic plasmapheresis for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis: A retrospective multi-center study | 19 | 11 (57.9%) | 16 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 1 | Beta blockers, steroids, cholestyramine, iodine |
| 2021 | Preoperative Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Surgical Treatment in Thyrotoxicosis Patients: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study | 27 | 15 (55.6%) | 16 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 21 | 0 | TPE |
| 2020 | Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Refractory Hyperthyroidism | 22 | 12 (54.5%) | 13 | 1 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 16 | 0 | Steroids, cholestyramine, TPE |
| 2020 | The role of therapeutic plasmapheresis in patients with hyperthyroidism | 18 | 11 (61.1%) | 9 | 8 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 2 | Beta blockers, steroids, TPE |
| 2019 | Outcomes After Urgent Thyroidectomy Following Rapid Control of Thyrotoxicosis in Graves’ Disease are Similar to Those After Elective Surgery in Well-Controlled Disease | 266 | 228 (85.7%) | 266 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 14 | 266 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, cholestyramine |
| 2018 | Therapeutic plasmapheresis in thyrotoxic patients | 46 | 32 (69.6%) | 40 | 2 | 4 | 21 | 19 | 40 | 0 | TPE |
| 2017 | Rescue pre-operative treatment with Lugol’s solution in uncontrolled Graves’ disease | 27 | 25 (92.6%) | 27 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 5 | 26 | 0 | Beta blockers, iodine |
| 2016 | Rapid preoperative blockage of thyroid hormone production/secretion in patients with Graves’ disease | 10 | 7 (70.0%) | 10 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, iodine |
| 2013 | The results of therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with severe hyperthyroidism: a retrospective multicenter study | 22 | 16 (72.7%) | 9 | 13 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 5 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, TPE |
| 2009 | Preoperative therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with thyrotoxicosis | 11 | 8 (72.7%) | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 1 | Beta blockers, TPE |
| 2004 | Rapid preoperative preparation for severe hyperthyroid Graves’ disease | 17 | 16 (94.1%) | 12 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, iodine |
| 2020 | Preoperative plasmapheresis experience in Graves’ disease patients with anti-thyroid drug-induced hepatotoxicity | 27 | 15 (55.6%) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 15 | 5 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, cholestyramine, TPE |
| 2007 | The use of lithium carbonate in the preparation for definitive therapy in hyperthyroid patients | 6 | 5 (83.3%) | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Beta blockers, steroids, lithium |
*17 cases of amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis, 1 case of non-autoimmune TSH receptor activation, 1 case of iodine induced thyrotoxicosis.