Table 2.
General baseline characteristics of the participants by overactive bladder or non-overactive bladder in the NHANES 2011–2018a.
| Characteristic | Total | Non-overactive bladder | Overactive bladder | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 4,451) | (n = 3,416) | (n = 1,035) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 46.46 ± 0.33 | 43.96 ± 0.36 | 56.47 ± 0.61 | <0.001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 50.23 (48.20, 52.25) | 54.06 (51.78, 56.33) | 34.89 (30.76, 39.27) | |
| Female | 49.77 (47.75, 51.80) | 45.94 (43.67, 48.22) | 65.11 (60.73, 69.24) | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 68.12 (66.54, 69.66) | 68.08 (66.3, 69.81) | 68.29 (64.84, 71.55) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.50 (9.76, 11.29) | 9.74 (8.94, 10.60) | 13.56 (11.76, 15.58) | |
| Mexican American | 7.77 (7.06, 8.54) | 7.96 (7.15, 8.85) | 7.01 (5.73, 8.54) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 4.63 (4.21, 5.10) | 5.11 (4.61, 5.67) | 2.72 (2.09, 3.53) | |
| Hispanic | 5.74 (5.13, 6.41) | 5.77 (5.08, 6.54) | 5.61 (4.41, 7.12) | |
| Other Race | 3.23 (2.63, 3.98) | 3.34 (2.67, 4.17) | 2.81 (1.61, 4.89) | |
| Educational level (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Below high school | 11.62 (10.66, 12.65) | 10.59 (9.56, 11.72) | 15.70 (13.42, 18.29) | |
| High school | 22.09 (20.43, 23.85) | 21.87 (20.01, 23.86) | 22.94 (19.46, 26.85) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 32.27 (30.44, 34.15) | 31.64 (29.61, 33.74) | 34.78 (30.76, 39.04) | |
| College graduate or above | 34.03 (32.04, 36.08) | 35.89 (33.64, 38.21) | 26.57 (22.50, 31.08) | |
| Marital status (%) | 0.016 | |||
| Married or living with a partner | 36.96 (35.07, 38.90) | 36.79 (34.65, 38.98) | 37.65 (33.67, 41.81) | |
| Living alone | 63.04 (61.10, 64.93) | 63.21 (61.02, 65.35) | 62.35 (58.19, 66.33) | |
| Socioeconomic status (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 20.49 (19.17, 21.88) | 19.19 (17.73, 20.73) | 25.7 (22.63, 29.02) | |
| Moderate | 33.33 (31.51, 35.2) | 32.43 (30.40, 34.52) | 36.95 (32.91, 41.19) | |
| High | 46.18 (44.12, 48.25) | 48.38 (46.08, 50.69) | 37.35 (32.87, 42.05) | |
| BMI (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <25 kg/m2 | 29.53 (27.73, 31.41) | 32.03 (29.94, 34.19) | 19.54 (16.44, 23.07) | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 32.42 (30.53, 34.37) | 33.03 (30.91, 35.23) | 29.96 (25.93, 34.33) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 38.05 (36.10, 40.03) | 34.94 (32.79, 37.15) | 50.50 (46.11, 54.88) | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 57.88 (55.86, 59.86) | 59.04 (56.77, 61.28) | 53.20 (48.83, 57.52) | |
| Former | 23.09 (21.38, 24.90) | 22.24 (20.33, 24.27) | 26.51 (22.82, 30.56) | |
| Current | 19.03 (17.56, 20.59) | 18.72 (17.06, 20.49) | 20.29 (17.26, 23.70) | |
| Alcohol intake (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Low | 10.42 (9.38, 11.56) | 9.49 (8.41, 10.68) | 14.17 (11.44, 17.41) | |
| Moderate | 39.75 (37.75, 41.78) | 39.78 (37.53, 42.07) | 39.61 (35.33, 44.06) | |
| High | 49.83 (47.8, 51.86) | 50.74 (48.45, 53.02) | 46.22 (41.90, 50.60) | |
| Hypertension (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 85.76 (84.33, 87.09) | 87.57 (86.01, 88.98) | 78.54 (74.85, 81.81) | |
| Yes | 14.24 (12.91, 15.67) | 12.43 (11.02, 13.99) | 21.46 (18.19, 25.15) | |
| Diabetes (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 89.82 (88.59, 90.93) | 92.08 (90.77, 93.22) | 80.78 (77.43, 83.73) | |
| Yes | 10.18 (9.07, 11.41) | 7.92 (6.78, 9.23) | 19.22 (16.27, 22.57) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 0.366 | |||
| No | 88.48 (87.05, 89.77) | 88.87 (87.26, 90.30) | 86.91 (83.58, 89.64) | |
| Yes | 11.52 (10.23, 12.95) | 11.13 (9.70, 12.74) | 13.09 (10.36, 16.42) | |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 92.69 (91.65, 93.62) | 94.67 (93.58, 95.59) | 84.77 (81.73, 87.39) | |
| Yes | 7.31 (6.38, 8.35) | 5.33 (4.41, 6.42) | 15.23 (12.61, 18.27) | |
| High molecular phthalates (ng mL −1 ) mean (SE) | ||||
| MCNP | 4.43 ± 0.43 | 4.2 ± 0.26 | 5.33 ± 1.88 | 0.733 |
| MCOP | 35.8 ± 1.85 | 37.93 ± 2.19 | 27.29 ± 2.94 | <0.001 |
| MECP | 12.25 ± 0.5 | 12.23 ± 0.59 | 12.32 ± 0.88 | 0.062 |
| MCPP | 5.93 ± 0.61 | 6.05 ± 0.72 | 5.46 ± 0.95 | 0.610 |
| MBzP | 8.18 ± 0.32 | 7.94 ± 0.36 | 9.12 ± 0.71 | 0.031 |
| Low molecular phthalates (ng mL−1) mean (SE) | ||||
| MEP | 147.31 ± 12.73 | 146.5 ± 14.81 | 150.56 ± 23.26 | 0.702 |
| MBP | 16.03 ± 1.07 | 16.05 ± 1.31 | 15.96 ± 1.03 | 0.847 |
| MiBP | 15.24 ± 0.59 | 13.53 ± 0.67 | 15.67 ± 0.72 | 0.040 |
| OABSS score, mean (SE) | 1.49 ± 0.03 | 0.92 ± 0.02 | 3.73 ± 0.04 | <0.001 |
aParticipants included in Model 3.
HMW, high molecular weight; LMW, low molecular weight; MCNP, mono(carboxynonyl)phthalate; MCOP, mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate; MECP, Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate; MCPP, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; MBzP, mono-benzyl phthalate; MEP, mono-ethyl phthalate; MBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate; MiBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate.