Table 2.
The association between dietary intakes of total protein and bladder cancer
| Linear association (per 30 g) | Nonlinear association | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 < 28.4 g/day | Tertile 2 28.4–40.8 g/day | Tertile 3 > 40.8 g/day | P trend | ||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| All participants (cases/non-cases) | 1,440/432,972 | 459/144,345 | 476/144,328 | 505/144,299 | |
| Person-year | 4,224,643.8 | 1,324,858.2 | 1,395,118.8 | 1,504,666.8 | |
| Model 1 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 1 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) | 0.09 |
| Model 2 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 1 (ref.) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 0.98 |
| Model 3 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.05) | 1 (ref.) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 0.88 |
| Based on sex (P for interaction > 0.05) | |||||
| Men (cases/non-cases) | 986/115,083 | 281/31,202 | 319/37,695 | 386/46,186 | |
| Model 1 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.34) | 1 (ref.) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.45) | 0.05 |
| Model 2 | 1.14 (0.97, 1.35) | 1 (ref.) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.26) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | 0.05 |
| Model 3 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 1 (ref.) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.35) | 0.36 |
| Women (cases/non-cases) | 454/317,889 | 178/113,143 | 157/106,633 | 119/98,113 | |
| Model 1 | 0.59 (0.46, 0.76) | 1 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.21) | 0.63 (0.46, 0.86) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 0.60 (0.47, 0.77) | 1 (ref.) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.21) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.87) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 0.78 (0.57, 1.05) | 1 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.13) | 0.26 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; g, gram
Model 1: Adjusted based on total energy intake
Model 2: Additionally, adjusted based on age and sex
Model 3: Additionally, adjusted based on smoking status, and alcohol intake