Table 4.

The association between dietary intakes of plant-based proteins and bladder cancer

	Linear association (per 30 g)	Nonlinear association (per 30 g)
		Tertile1 < 17.9 g/day	Tertile2 17.9–28.0 g/day	Tertile3 > 28.0 g/day	P trend
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
All participants (cases /non-cases)	1,440/432,972	541/144,841	497/143,893	402/144,238
Person-year	4224838.7	1087839.3	1569512.2	1567487.2
Model 1	0.65 (0.56, 0.75)	1 (ref.)	0.88 (0.78, 1.00)	0.74 (0.64, 0.86)	< 0.001
Model 2	0.76 (0.65, 0.88)	1 (ref.)	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	0.81 (0.70, 0.94)	0.006
Model 3	0.86 (0.73, 1.02)	1 (ref.)	1.02 (0.88, 1.17)	0.90 (0.77, 1.06)	0.21
Based on sex (P for interaction > 0.05)
Men (cases/non-cases)	986/115,083	360/35,793	324/36,466	302/42,824
Model 1	0.93 (0.78, 1.11)	1 (ref.)	1.02 (0.87, 1.19)	0.92 (0.78, 1.10)	0.41
Model 2	0.94 (0.78, 1.12)	1 (ref.)	1.04 (0.89, 1.22)	0.93 (0.78, 1.11)	0.36
Model 3	0.92 (0.75, 1.12)	1 (ref.)	1.02 (0.85, 1.21)	0.92 (0.76, 1.11)	0.36
Women (cases/non-cases)	454/317,889	181/109,048	173/107,427	100/101,414
Model 1	0.50 (0.38, 0.66)	1 (ref.)	0.94 (0.75, 1.18)	0.59 (0.45, 0.78)	< 0.001
Model 2	0.51 (0.38, 0.67)	1 (ref.)	0.95 (0.75, 1.19)	0.58 (0.44, 0.77)	0.01
Model 3	0.76 (0.55, 1.05)	1 (ref.)	1.02 (0.79, 1.30)	0.88 (0.65, 1.18)	0.44

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; g, gram

Model 1: Adjusted based on total energy intake

Model 2: Additionally, adjusted based on age and sex

Model 3: Additionally, adjusted based on smoking status and alcohol intake