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. 2024 Oct 26;18(1):32–47. doi: 10.1002/ase.2526

FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 8

The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) words (red) and pictures (blue) are outlined in solid lines. In learning scenarios where touch is possible, the inclusion of haptic perception (green) provides viable sensory channel inputs for learning. The haptic input channel is appended to sensory input channels, when required, by the learner (outlined in broken line).