Table 2.
The risk of overall and cancer-specific mortality among bladder cancer patients and stratified by gender, age group, and clinical stage.
| Overall mortality | Cancer-specific mortality | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Death (%) | Crude HR | p-value | AHR | p-value | Death (%) | Crude HR | p-value | AHR | p-value | |
| BMI | |||||||||||
| BMI < 18.5 | 571 | 330 (57.79) | 2.04 (1.81–2.29) | <0.0001 | 1.58 (1.41–1.78) | <0.0001 | 206 (36.08) | 2.02 (1.75–2.35) | <0.0001 | 1.50 (1.29–1.74) | <0.0001 |
| 18.5≦BMI < 25 | 5,749 | 2,131 (37.07) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,321 (22.98) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| BMI≧25 | 4,032 | 1,108 (27.48) | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | <0.0001 | 0.76 (0.71–0.82) | <0.0001 | 729 (18.08) | 0.73 (0.67–0.80) | <0.0001 | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | |||||||||||
| Male | 7,440 | 2,465 (33.13) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) | <0.0001 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.1407 | 1,540 (20.7) | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | <0.0001 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.0612 |
| Female | 2,952 | 1,101 (37.3) | Ref. | Ref. | 716 (24.25) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Clinical stage | |||||||||||
| I | 5,267 | 1,089 (20.68) | Ref. | Ref. | 450 (8.54) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| II | 2,617 | 970 (37.07) | 2.14 (1.96–2.33) | <0.0001 | 2.13 (1.95–2.33) | <0.0001 | 655 (25.03) | 3.45 (3.06–3.89) | <0.0001 | 3.35 (2.96–3.79) | <0.0001 |
| III | 1,302 | 621 (47.7) | 3.53 (3.20–3.89) | <0.0001 | 3.62 (3.26–4.03) | <0.0001 | 457 (35.1) | 6.12 (5.37–6.97) | <0.0001 | 6.02 (5.24–6.91) | <0.0001 |
| IV | 1,166 | 889 (76.24) | 8.03 (7.34–8.79) | <0.0001 | 8.14 (7.33–9.04) | <0.0001 | 694 (59.52) | 14.46 (12.82–16.31) | <0.0001 | 13.88 (12.11–15.91) | <0.0001 |
| Age group | |||||||||||
| 20–45 | 280 | 50 (17.86) | Ref. | Ref. | 44 (15.71) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 45–60 | 1941 | 388 (19.99) | 1.15 (0.85–1.54) | 0.3640 | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 0.5773 | 283 (14.58) | 0.94 (0.69–1.30) | 0.7208 | 0.89 (0.64–1.22) | 0.4517 |
| ≧60 | 8,131 | 3,131 (38.51) | 2.79 (2.11–3.68) | <0.0001 | 2.22 (1.67–2.94) | <0.0001 | 1929 (23.72) | 1.89 (1.40–2.54) | <0.0001 | 1.53 (1.13–2.07) | 0.0058 |
| Smoking | |||||||||||
| Never | 7,016 | 2,456 (35.01) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,574 (22.43) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Ever/current | 3,336 | 1,113 (33.36) | 0.91 (0.84–0.97) | 0.0056 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.0100 | 682 (20.44) | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.0021 | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.4643 |
| Drinking | |||||||||||
| Never | 8,483 | 2,984 (35.18) | Ref. | Ref. | 1886 (22.23) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Ever/current | 1869 | 585 (31.3) | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | <0.0001 | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) | 0.0510 | 370 (19.8) | 0.82 (0.74–0.92) | 0.0006 | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.2613 |
| Betel nut chewing | |||||||||||
| Never | 9,670 | 3,350 (34.64) | Ref. | Ref. | 2,119 (21.91) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Ever/current | 682 | 219 (32.11) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.1355 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 0.4547 | 137 (20.09) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.1880 | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 0.6969 |
| CCI group | |||||||||||
| 0 | 2,920 | 774 (26.51) | Ref. | Ref. | 557 (19.08) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 1–2 | 3,751 | 1,151 (30.69) | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | 0.0002 | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | <0.0001 | 734 (19.57) | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.3861 | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 0.0014 |
| ≧3 | 3,681 | 1,644 (44.66) | 2.09 (1.92–2.28) | <0.0001 | 2.09 (1.90–2.30) | <0.0001 | 965 (26.22) | 1.67 (1.51–1.86) | <0.0001 | 1.80 (1.60–2.03) | <0.0001 |
| Treatment | |||||||||||
| Operation | 9,887 | 3,216 (32.53) | 0.24 (0.22–0.27) | <0.0001 | 0.54 (0.48–0.60) | <0.0001 | 2008 (20.31) | 0.22 (0.19–0.25) | <0.0001 | 0.56 (0.49–0.65) | <0.0001 |
| Radiotherapy | 1,404 | 750 (53.42) | 2.10 (1.94–2.28) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 0.0768 | 579 (41.24) | 2.66 (2.42–2.92) | <0.0001 | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | 0.0007 |
| Chemotherapy | 2,148 | 978 (45.53) | 1.66 (1.54–1.79) | <0.0001 | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | <0.0001 | 755 (35.15) | 2.18 (2.00–2.38) | <0.0001 | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | 0.0006 |
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
| Diabetes | 2,600 | 1,009 (38.81) | 1.29 (1.20–1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.9527 | 594 (22.85) | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 0.0028 | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 0.5169 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2,260 | 664 (29.38) | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | <0.0001 | 0.75 (0.68–0.82) | <0.0001 | 421 (18.63) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.0002 | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 5,229 | 1965 (37.58) | 1.30 (1.21–1.39) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 0.0044 | 1,183 (22.62) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 0.0007 | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.4403 |