Table 1.
Comparison of basic characteristic in normal pregnant women, women with GDM alone, HDP alone, and both GDM and HDP.
| Variable | Normal (N=10655) |
GDM only (N=2341) |
HDP only (N=461) |
GDM+HDP (N=188) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | |||||
| Age, years | 28.58 ± 4.21 | 30.25 ± 4.40 | 29.82 ± 4.91 | 31.01 ± 5.39 | <0.001 |
| Gestational age at OGTT, week | 25.83 ± 1.44 | 25.80 ± 1.44 | 25.97 ± 1.42 | 25.95 ± 1.48 | 0.093 |
| BMI at first visit, kg/m2 | 21.06 ± 2.88 | 22.00 ± 3.26 | 23.57 ± 4.11 | 24.90 ± 3.97 | <0.001 |
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 12.73 ± 5.64 | 10.66 ± 4.69 | 12.60 ± 4.80 | 9.52 ± 7.86 | <0.001 |
| N (%) | |||||
| Gravidity | 0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 4371 ± 41.0 | 859 ± 36.7 | 189 ± 41.0 | 68 ± 36.2 | |
| 2 | 2886 ± 27.1 | 634 ± 27.1 | 111 ± 24.1 | 47 ± 25.0 | |
| ≥3 | 3253 ± 30.5 | 820 ± 35.0 | 154 ± 33.4 | 72 ± 38.3 | |
| Missing | 145 ± 1.4 | 28 ± 1.2 | 7 ± 1.5 | 1 ± 0.5 | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 2127 ± 20.0 | 467 ± 19.9 | 112 ± 24.3 | 55 ± 29.3 | |
| High school | 1301 ± 12.2 | 307 ± 13.1 | 56 ± 12.1 | 24 ± 12.8 | |
| College and above | 4817 ± 45.2 | 909 ± 38.8 | 175 ± 38.0 | 55 ± 29.3 | |
| Missing | 2410 ± 22.6 | 658 ± 28.1 | 118 ± 25.6 | 54 ± 28.7 | |
| History of abortion | 0.043 | ||||
| No | 10052 ± 94.3 | 2184 ± 93.3 | 429 ± 93.1 | 171 ± 91.0 | |
| Yes | 603 ± 5.7 | 157 ± 6.7 | 32 ± 6.9 | 17 ± 9.0 | |
| History of preterm | 0.002 | ||||
| No | 10549 ± 99.0 | 2313 ± 98.8 | 451 ± 97.8 | 181 ± 96.3 | |
| Yes | 106 ± 1.0 | 28 ± 1.2 | 10 ± 2.2 | 7 ± 3.7 | |
| Season of last menstruation | 0.001 | ||||
| Spring | 2039 ± 19.1 | 413 ± 17.6 | 115 ± 24.9 | 42 ± 22.3 | |
| Summer | 2507 ± 23.5 | 628 ± 26.8 | 107 ± 23.2 | 47 ± 25.0 | |
| Autumn | 3239 ± 30.4 | 723 ± 30.9 | 131 ± 28.4 | 60 ± 31.9 | |
| Winner | 2870 ± 26.9 | 577 ± 24.6 | 108 ± 23.4 | 39 ± 20.7 | |
HDP, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.