Table 3.
The association of GDM and HDP with adverse birth outcomes.
| Group | Composite pregnancy outcomes* | SGA (< 10th centile) | LGA (> 90th centile) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1
a
aOR (95% CI) |
Model 2
b
aOR (95% CI) |
Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | |
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |||
| Normal | ref | – | ref. | – | ref. | – |
| GDM* only | 1.35 (1.10-1.66) | 1.16 (0.93-1.42) | 1.07 (0.88-1.3) | 0.97 (0.79-1.19) | 1.38 (1.21-1.56) | 1.29 (1.12-1.48) |
| HDP* only | 1.78 (1.20-2.55) | 1.89 (1.28-2.73) | 2.19 (1.57-3.06) | 2.29 (1.64-3.19) | 0.98 (0.74-1.3) | 0.68 (0.5-0.92) |
| GDM + HDP | 1.82 (1.02-3.04) | 1.43 (0.79-2.45) | 2.2 (1.24-3.92) | 1.93 (1.07-3.46) | 2.33 (1.64-3.31) | 1.64 (1.12-2.41) |
* Composite pregnancy outcomes = At least one of Preterm birth, Placenta previa and Neonatal Jaundice.
a
Model 1 was adjusted for age, gravidity, history of 3 or more abortions, gestational age at OGTT, BMI at first visit, pregnancy season and education.
b
Model 2 was adjusted variable1s in Model 1 and further adjusted for gestational weight gain.
HDP, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AGA, appropriate for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age.