Table 2.
Different parasitoids and fungus that commonly attack soybean looper larvae.
| Family | Parasitoid/fungus | Parasitisation intensity and year |
Infected host stage | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae | Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman) | 15.9% in 1985 | 1st-6th instars | Diagle et al. (144) |
| Hymenoptera: Braconidae | Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) | – | 1st-4th instars | Diagle et al. (144), Beach and Todd (135) |
| Meteorus autographae Ashmead | 13.5% in 1984 | 1st-4th instars | Diagle et al. (144) | |
| Hymenoptera: Icheumonidae | Campoletis sonorensis Cameron | – | larval stage | Burleigh (31) |
| Casinaria plusiae Cavalier-Smith | – | larval stage | Burleigh (31) | |
| Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae | Trichogramma pretiosum Riley | – | 1st-4th instars (emerges during pre-pupal stage) | Harding JA (25) |
| Hymenoptera: Trachinidae | Chaelophlepsis plathypenae Sabrosky | – | 3rd-5th instars | Diagle et al. (144) |
| Lespesia aleliae (Riley) | – | 4th-6th instars | Diagle et al. (144) | |
| Entomophthorales | Entomophthora gammae Weiser | 20.4% in1982-84 | larval stage | Beach and Todd (135) |
| Clavicipitaceae | Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson | - | larval stage | Beach and Todd (135) |