Figure 4.

The mediating effects of anxiety (red), stress (Blue), and depression (purple) in female students (N = 291). Circles represent latent variables and the data indicate significant standardized path coefficients (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). For simplicity, only latent variables are shown in the figure, and the corresponding observed variables are omitted. These observed variables are consistent with those presented in Figures 1, 2. Bold solid lines denote significant gender differences in paths. The black solid line represents the direct effect of daily positive emotional experiences on smartphone addiction, with the black numbers indicating significant direct effects.