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. 2024 Dec 18;55(2):34. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5475

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Copyright: © 2024 Hu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction caused by stress. Psychological stress affects ovarian function and inhibits the HPO axis by activating the HPA and SAM axes. This causes increased granulosa cell apoptosis, diminished oocyte quality and excessive activation of primordial follicles, culminating in decreased ovarian reserve. Meanwhile, psychological stress leads to disorder of the vascular endothelin system of the ovary, resulting in ovarian vasoconstriction and microcirculation disorder. Figure created with BioRender.com. HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; SAM, sympathetic-adrenal-medullary; HPO, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; FSHR, follicle-stimulating hormone; ROS, reactive oxygen species; BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; GDF, growth differentiation factor; CCN, cyclin; ET-AR, ET-receptor types A.