TABLE 4.

Insights Gathered During the Workshop

Case	Gained Insights
Case 1: implementation of commercial autocontouring software	The project encountered significant delays (several months) as the team awaited a response from the hospital IT department to proceed with software implementation. Upon conducting stakeholder analyses during the workshop, it became evident that the hospital IT department had not been involved in the project from the beginning, only after the software program was already bought. This highlights a common scenario where software program is acquired without consulting IT. In such cases, IT is only brought in after purchase, with the expectation that they will prioritize and expedite the project. By contrast, including IT as a stakeholder in project planning ensures they are informed about upcoming tasks and can integrate them into their planning promptly. This proactive approach prevents delays. Furthermore, involving IT from the outset allows them to contribute their expertise, offering insights into various scenarios and evaluating the impact of different available software packages throughout the project
Case 2: implementation of an AI algorithm for autocontouring in a brachytherapy workflow	In the initial stages of this project, the researcher indicated that the AI algorithm was not sufficiently effective for automated contouring. However, after analyzing the stakeholders during the workshop, it became apparent that radiation oncologists found the algorithm to be effective, while RTTs deemed its quality insufficient. This discrepancy arose from a shift in the RTTs responsible for contouring, as different planning systems are in use and not all RTTs possess all the skills. The RTTs currently in charge of contouring differed from the original group, leading to a lack of acceptance for the automatic contouring by their colleagues Had a comprehensive stakeholder analysis and barrier assessment been conducted beforehand, it likely would have resulted in a different solution
Case 3: autocontouring for prostate cancer	This project was not started yet, so this group set out drafting an implementation strategy instead of evaluating an existing project and the approach used. First stakeholders were identified, where participants acknowledged that the introduced methods provided a clear and structural approach to identify stakeholders. They were especially fond of using the organizational chart, since it ensures not forgetting any important stakeholders. Care professionals are primarily focused on the content of their work and innovations. During the workshop, they realized there are more factors and perspectives that need to be considered when implementing AI

Abbreviations: AI, artificial intelligence; IT, information technology; RTTs, radiotherapy technicians.