Table 1. Photobiomodulation parameters to be used in the study.
| LED | LASER | |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Bioflex Laser Therapy | Bioflex Laser Therapy |
| Model identifier | LED diode device (DUO+240) | Bioflex LDR-100 and LD1-200 Laser Probe |
| Year produced | 2023 | 2013 and 2023 |
| Number and type of emitters (laser or LED) | 240 bicolour LED diodes | 2 Laser probes Class 3b |
| Wavelength and band width (nm) | Red: 660nm Infra-red: 840nm |
Red: 660nm Infra-red: 825nm |
| Pulse mode (CW or Hz, duty cycle) | Red Frequency: 50 Hz Duty Cycle 91% Infra-red CW |
Red Frequency: 50 Hz Duty Cycle 91% Infra-red CW |
| Beam spot size at target (cm2) | 100 cm2 | 0.1 cm2 |
| Irradiance at target (mW/cm2) | Red: 9.1 mW/cm2 Infra-red: 20 mW/cm2 |
Red: 682.5 mW/cm2 Infra-red: 1800 mW/cm2 |
| If pulsed, peak irradiance (mW/cm2) | Red: 9.1 mW/cm2 | |
| Exposure duration (sec) | Red 180 sec Infra-red 240 sec |
Red 7 sec/point total 600 sec Infra-red 7 sec/point total 600 sec |
| Radiant exposure (J/cm2) | Red: 1.64 J/cm2 Infra-red: 4.8 J/cm2 |
Red: 0.48 J/cm2 per point Infra-red: 1.26 J/cm2 per point |
| Radiant energy (J) | Red: 164 J Infra-red: 480 J |
Red: 41 J Infra-red: 108 J |
| Number of points irradiated | Over the incision | Around the wound edges |
| Area irradiated (cm2) | 100 cm2 | 0.1 cm2 |
| Application technique | Contact technique. Treatment provider places the array (light side down) over the incision and leave in place for 7 minutes. The array will automatically cycle through the Red and Near Infrared wavelengths. | Treatment provider holds a laser in each hand, places a finger on the side of each nose tip to activate the beam, and directs the beam around the edges of the incision, both lasers at once, for 7 sec per point for a total of 10 minutes. |
| Number and frequency of treatment sessions | A maximum of 5 treatments scheduled at 1 session on the day of surgery (postop day 0), then 2 sessions on postop day 1 and 2 sessions on postop day 2. | A maximum of 5 treatments scheduled at 1 session on the day of surgery (postop day 0), then 2 sessions on postop day 1 and 2 sessions on postop day 2. |
| Total radiant energy over entire treatment course | 644–3220 J | 149–745 J |
CW, continuous wave; LED, light-emitting diode