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. 2024 Dec 27;5:73. doi: 10.1186/s43556-024-00240-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — The Role of EGCG in Diabetes Management. Showing the pivotal role of EGCG in diabetes, particularly through its interaction with the KEAP1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. EGCG forms a hybrid complex with glutathione (GSH), which binds to KEAP1, resulting in the dissociation of KEAP1 from Nrf2. This dissociation allows Nrf2 to translocate into the nucleus, where it initiates the transcription of crucial antioxidant proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). These antioxidant proteins play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, key contributors to diabetic complications