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. 2024 Dec 13;15:1497311. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1497311

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Copyright © 2024 Qi, Xie, Liu, Zhang, Cheng, Ma, Wan and Xie

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gut Homeostasis Regulates Th17/Treg Balance and Influences PMOP. (A) The gut microbiota modulates the balance between Th17 and Treg cells, as well as cytokine levels, affecting the development and progression of PMOP. (B) Microbial-derived metabolites from the gut regulate multiple immune cells, causing an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which contributes to PMOP. (C) Intestinal barrier damage increases permeability and disrupts tight junctions, triggering inflammation and promoting osteoclast differentiation, thereby accelerating the onset and progression of PMOP.