Table 1. Diagnostic models of non-Helicobacter pylori microbiota for gastric cancer (GC).

Population	Country/region	Disease	Sequencing method	Sample source	Signature composition	AUC score	Reference
207 cases of SG, AG, IM or GC	China	GC vs SG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, Parvimonas, etc	0.81–0.82	7
173 cases of GC or CG	Portugal	GC vs CG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Microbial dysbiosis index	0.89–0.91	17
27 cases of GC, IM or gastritis	Taiwan	GC vs non-cancer	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Clostridium colicanis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus gasseri, etc	0.94	25
204 cases of GC or healthy controls	China	GC vs healthy control	16S rRNA	Stool	Lactobacillus, Tyzzerella, Veillonella, etc	0.95	44
293 cases of SG, AG or GC	China	GC vs non-malignant lesions	16S rRNA	Saliva	Random forest model	0.91	40
148 cases of SG or gastric precancerous lesions	China	Gastric precancerous lesions vs SG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Rhodococcus, Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, etc.	0.79	23
				Stool	Prevotella, Ruminococcus	0.65
50 cases of GC or SG	China	GC vs non-cancer	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Microbial dysbiosis index	0.87	26
98 cases of GC or healthy controls	China	GC vs healthy	16S rRNA	Stool	Streptococcus	0.84	29
198 cases of GC, gastritis and healthy individuals	China	GC vs non-cancer	16S rRNA	Stool	Random forest model	0.91	45
55 cases of GC or healthy controls	China	GC vs healthy controls	ITS rDNA	Gastric biopsy	Candida albicans	0.74	52
179 cases of SG, IM or GC	China	GC vs non-cancer	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Random forest model (Lactobacillus, Gemella, Enterococcus, etc)	0.94	37
96 cases of SG, IM or GC	China			Gastric fluid	Random forest model (Ochrobactrum, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, etc)	0.83
83 cases of GC or CG	China	GC vs CG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Oceanobacter	0.91	18
					Methylobacterium	0.77
					Syntrophomonas	0.94
43 cases of SG, IM or early gastric neoplasia	Singapore	Early gastric neoplasia vs without early gastric neoplasia	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Moryella, Vibro, Comamonadaceae, etc	0.82	62
33 cases of GC or healthy controls	China	GC vs healthy control	ITS rDNA	Gastric biopsy	Cystobasidium, Cutaneotrichosporon, Apodus, Apiotrichum, etc	0.82–1.00	53
146 cases of GC or healthy control	China	GC vs healthy control	16S rRNA	Oral swab	Optimal OTU marker set	0.82	42
				Stool		0.94
1043 cases of early-stage GC or CG	China	Early-stage GC vs CG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Streptococcus anginosus, S. constellatus	0.80–0.87	33
		Advanced-stage GC vs CG		Stool	S. anginosus, S. constellatus	0.84–0.89
1270 cases of SG, AG, IM, IN or GC	Meta-analysis	GC vs SG	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Random forest model (Acinetobacter, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, etc)	0.96	28
2198 cases of GC, IM and gastritis	Meta-analysis	GC vs non-cancer	16S rRNA	Gastric biopsy	Random forest model	0.91	34
				Gastric fluid		0.80

AGatrophic gastritisAUCarea under the curveCGchronic gastritisIMintestinal metaplasiaINintraepithelial neoplasiaITSinternal transcribed spacerOTUoperational taxonomic unitSGsuperficial gastritis