Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with death within 30 days of nephrostomy.

Demographic category		OR	P value	95% CI
Sex	Male (baseline)
	Female	1.03	0.718	0.89 to 1.19
Age (years)	18–29	0.36	0.010	0.16 to 0.79
	30–39	0.68	0.043	0.47 to 0.99
	40–49	0.65	0.001	0.51 to 0.85
	50–59	0.85	0.068	0.72 to 1.01
	60–69	0.91	0.160	0.80 to 1.04
	70+ (baseline)
Ethnicity	White (baseline)
	Asian	0.73	0.066	0.52 to 1.02
	Other minority ethnicity	0.78	0.124	0.57 to 1.07
	Unknown	1.64	0.001	1.23 to 2.21
Comorbidity score	0 (baseline)
	1–4	1.27	0.003	1.08 to 1.50
	5+	1.29	<0.001	1.14 to 1.45
IMD deprivation quintiles	1 (most deprived) (baseline)
	2	1.20	0.036	1.01 to 1.43
	3	1.20	0.037	1.01 to 1.42
	4	1.05	0.615	0.88 to 1.24
	5 (least deprived)	1.04	0.695	0.87 to 1.24
Procedure year	2010–2011 (baseline)
	2012–2013	1.17	0.058	0.99 to 1.38
	2014–2015	0.98	0.831	0.83 to 1.16
	2016–2017	0.93	0.379	0.78 to 1.10
	2018–2019	0.89	0.167	0.75 to 1.05
Provider cancer volume tertile	1–1576 (baseline)
	1577–3079	1.00	0.957	0.85 to 1.18
	3080+	0.87	0.106	0.73 to 1.03
Inpatient/outpatient	Inpatient	3.76	<0.001	2.75 to 5.14
	Outpatient (baseline)
Cancer type	Genitourinary (baseline)
	Gynaecological oncology	1.12	0.252	0.92 to 1.37
	Digestive	0.99	0.887	0.84 to 1.17
	Other	1.75	<0.001	1.47 to 2.09
Specialty	Urology (baseline)
	Medicine	2.10	<0.001	1.84 to 2.40
	Oncology	1.80	<0.001	1.51 to 2.15
	General surgery	1.62	<0.001	1.32 to 1.98
	Gynaecology/gynaecological oncology	1.66	0.002	1.21 to 2.28
	Other	1.72	<0.001	1.29 to 2.30
Nephrostomy performed at provider with radiotherapy unit		0.90	0.134	0.79 to 1.03

^*p values < 0.001 are in bold.

IMDIndex of Multiple Deprivation