Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the 124 Study Participants .
| Characteristics | Patients, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| IMB-based intervention (n = 62) | Usual care (n = 62) | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.05 (11.20) | 67.34 (14.23) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 27 (43.5) | 30 (48.4) |
| Female | 35 (56.5) | 32 (51.6) |
| Education level | ||
| <Primary | 13 (21.0) | 12 (19.4) |
| Primary | 20 (32.3) | 20 (32.3) |
| Secondary | 28 (45.2) | 28 (45.2) |
| ≥University | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.2) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 10 (16.1) | 6 (9.7) |
| Married | 39 (62.9) | 46 (74.2) |
| Divorced | 5 (8.1) | 6 (9.7) |
| Widowed | 8 (12.9) | 4 (6.5) |
| Living status | ||
| Single | 12 (19.4) | 9 (14.5) |
| Spouse only | 10 (16.1) | 16 (25.8) |
| Family | 39 (62.9) | 35 (56.5) |
| Friend | 0 | 1 (1.6) |
| OAHR | 1 (1.6) | 1(1.6) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Smoker | 3 (4.8) | 6 (9.7) |
| Ex-smoker | 16 (25.8) | 9 (14.5) |
| Oxygen therapy | ||
| Long-term oxygen therapy | 11 (17.7) | 10 (16.1) |
| Oxygen therapy (pro re nata) | 4 (6.5) | 3 (4.8) |
| Only with NIV oxygen therapy | 7 (11.3) | 2 (3.2) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Major respiratory diagnosis | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 (27.4) | 14 (22.6) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 30 (48.4) | 34 (54.8) |
| Obesity hypoventilation syndrome | 13 (21.0) | 12 (19.4) |
| Restrictive lung disease | 8 (12.9) | 7 (11.3) |
| Neuromuscular disease | 0 | 2 (3.2) |
| Atelectasis | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| Bronchiectasis | 2 (3.2) | 5 (8.1) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 2 (3.2) | 0 |
| Asthma | 11 (17.7) | 13 (21.0) |
| No. of unplanned respiratory related hospitalization in the last year | ||
| 0 | 39 (62.9) | 48 (77.4) |
| 1 | 15 (24.2) | 10 (16.1) |
| 2 | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.2) |
| 3 | 3 (4.8) | 1 (1.6) |
| 4 | 2 (3.2) | 0 |
| ≥5 | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.6) |
| Blood HCO3− level, mean (SD), mmol/L | 30.26 (4.74) | 30.70 (5.66) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 4.71 (1.95) | 4.29 (1.99) |
| NIV usage machine data in 14 d | ||
| Total d used, % | 66.96 (38.33) | 64.56 (38.45) |
| Total d used with >4 h mean use, % | 41.32 (33.17) | 44.05 (33.93) |
| Mean use per d, h | 2.95 (1.83) | 2.87 (1.83) |
| Outcome scores, mean (SD) | ||
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexa | ||
| Total score | 8.45 (3.74) | 8.03 (4.40) |
| Sleep quality | 1.50 (0.76) | 1.50 (0.80) |
| Sleep latency | 1.71 (0.96) | 1.48 (1.11) |
| Sleep duration | 1.56 (1.02) | 1.61 (1.06) |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 1.03 (1.24) | 0.92 (1.22) |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.23 (0.49) | 1.23 (0.53) |
| Use of sleep medication | 0.37 (0.94) | 0.37 (0.91) |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.05 (0.98) | 0.92 (1.00) |
| Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire (Chinese version)b | ||
| Respiratory complaints | 58.82 (21.24) | 61.06 (23.74) |
| Physical functioning | 54.37 (20.98) | 60.48 (27.17) |
| Attendant symptoms and sleep | 58.12 (17.90) | 58.41 (21.31) |
| Social relationships | 73.25 (15.93) | 73.59 (17.48) |
| Anxiety | 69.27 (20.80) | 76.37 (23.51) |
| Psychological well-being | 66.44 (19.80) | 68.95 (21.10) |
| Social functioning | 60.53 (22.21) | 65.88 (22.24) |
| Summary scale | 62.97 (15.51) | 66.82 (17.86) |
Abbreviations: HCO3−, bicarbonate; IMB, information-motivation-behavioral; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; OAHR, old-age home resident.
a
Range of 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. Subscales ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating poorer sleeping function.
b
Range of 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.