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. 2025 Jan 15;265:120445. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120445

Table 2.

Biomarker levels measured in FLEHS IV adolescents normalized to specific gravity (urinary markers) or standardized for serum lipids (lipid-soluble serum biomarkers) (n = 409).

Group Exposure Median (P25, P75)
Metals (μg/L) Pb (blood) 7.59 (5.96, 9.40)
Mn (blood) 9.35 (7.90, 11.26)
Cu (blood) 795 (724, 877)
Cd (urine) 0.29 (0.23, 0.39)
Tl (urine) 0.36 (0.29, 0.43)
Pesticide (μg/L) 3-PBA 0.87 (0.58, 1.58)
2,4-D 0.27 (0.15, 0.45)
TCPY 4.5 (2.9, 6.4)
PCBs (ng/g lipid) PCB118 2.13 (1.55, 2.95)
PCB153 10 (6, 16)
PCB138 6.9 (4.7, 10.1)
PCB187 1.10 (0.65, 1.89)
PCB180 4.3 (2.7, 7.3)
PCB170 2.00 (1.24, 3.26)
OC pesticides (ng/g lipid) OXC 1.18 (0.82, 1.74)
TN 0.80 (0.51, 1.17)
p,p'-DDE 36 (24, 63)
p,p'-DDT 2.4 (1.1, 4.5)
HCB 7.6 (5.7, 9.8)
β-HCH 1.13 (0.81, 1.50)
PFAS (μg/L) PFOA 1.10 (0.84, 1.30)
PFNA 0.31 (0.23, 0.44)
PFHxS 0.48 (0.35, 0.65)
PFOS 2.10 (1.40, 3.15)
PAH (μg/L) 1-NAP 0.07 (0.05, 0.09)
2-NAP 3.7 (2.1, 6.9)
2-PHEN 0.07 (0.05, 0.10)
3-PHEN 0.07 (0.05, 0.10)
Benzene (μg/L) TTMA 101 (57, 146)
OPFRs (μg/L) DPHP 1.32 (0.88, 2.05)
BDCIPP 0.34 (0.15, 0.69)
BCIPHIPP 0.65 (0.30, 1.47)
EHPHP 4.1 (2.8, 6.7)
BBOEHEP 0.04 (0.02, 0.07)
5-OH-EHDPHP 0.09 (0.06, 0.16)
Bisphenol (μg/L) BPA 1.14 (0.68, 1.91)
BPF 0.15 (0.08, 0.30)
BPS 0.14 (0.07, 0.22)
Phthalates, DINCH & other alternative plasticizers (μg/L) MEP 27 (15, 71)
5cx-MEPP 16 (12, 22)
5OH-MEHP 6.6 (4.3, 10.1)
MiBP 22 (15, 41)
MnBP 19 (12, 31)
5oxo-MEHP 4.1 (2.8, 6.6)
MBzP 2 (1, 6)
MEHP 1.32 (0.83, 2.13)
OHMEHTP 0.58 (0.35, 1.02)
MHNP 4.3 (2.8, 6.5)
MCOP 1.88 (1.29, 2.84)
MHNCH 1.16 (0.72, 2.28)
MCOCH 1.07 (0.74, 1.68)
OHMIDP 0.73 (0.45, 1.21)
CXMIDP 1.25 (1.06, 1.58)
OXOMIDP 0.41 (0.28, 0.68)