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. 2025 Jan 15;265:120445. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120445

Table 3.

The mediating role of eosinophils and 8-OHdG in the association between exposure biomarkers and FeNO and rhinitis.

Outcome Mediator Exposure Effect % change per IQR (95%CI) P value Proportion mediated
FeNO Eosinophil MBzP Direct 8 (−3, 200) 0.143 37.8%
Mediated 5 (1, 9) 0.018
Total 13 (2, 25) 0.015
MnBP Direct 15 (1, 258) 0.027 27.9%
Mediated 5 (0.1, 201) 0.045
Total 20 (6, 36) 0.005
OR (95% CI)
Rhinitis 8-OHdG 2,4-D Direct 0.75 (0.56, 1.01) 0.056 55.4%
Mediated 1.11 (1.01, 1.21) 0.025
Total 0.82 (0.61, 1.11) 0.197
TCPY Direct 0.81 (0.56, 1.16) 0.239 48.1%
Mediated 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) 0.034
Total 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) 0.430
1-NAP Direct 0.73 (0.48, 1.12) 0.149 32.7%
Mediated 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) 0.033
Total 0.86 (0.65, 1.13) 0.282

CI: confidence interval; IQR: Interquartile range; OR: odds ratio.