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. 2024 Nov 27;13(12):1454. doi: 10.3390/antiox13121454
HTN Hypertension
BP Blood pressure
ROS Reactive oxygen species
CKD Chronic kidney disease
ESRD End-stage renal disease
RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
SGLT2 Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
NOX NADPH oxidase
MR Mineralocorticoid receptor
SS HTN Salt-sensitive hypertension
GFR Glomerular filtration rate
SHR spontaneously hypertensive rats
Ang II Angiotensin II
SNS Sympathetic nervous system
NO Nitric oxide
ET-1 Endothelin-1
TxA2 Thromboxane A2
PKC Protein kinase C
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
VSMC Vascular smooth muscle cells
ECM Extracellular matrix
TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor beta 1
EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
DKD Diabetic kidney disease
ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers