Table 4.
Metabolic pathways and functional analysis of metabolites in offspring rats with prenatal polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) exposure.
| MV (mL) | p (msec) | F (bpm) | EIP (msec) | EEP (msec) | dT (msec) | SRaw (cm H2O.s) | SGaw (1/cm H2O.s) | EF50 (mL/s) | |
| NC | 595.33 ± 155.32 | 273.04 ± 33.22 | 227.46 ± 31.79 | 13.43 ± 1.25 | 12.71 ± 1.77 | 1.07 ± 0.76 | 1.03 ± 0.74 | 0.42 ± 0.19 | 25.94 ± 7.61 |
| MP | 480.81 ± 103.51 * | 358.45 ± 31.82 ** | 173.73 ± 14.80 ** | 17.84 ± 1.78 ** | 18.56 ± 2.70 ** | 2.24 ± 0.32 ** | 2.18 ± 0.31 ** | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 19.52 ± 5.28 |
| MPs + M | 706.12 ± 229.52 | 302.95 ± 13.40 † | 202.21 ± 8.66 † | 13.23 ± 0.75 †† | 14.42 ± 0.82 †† | 2.00 ± 1.32 | 1.94 ± 1.29 | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 28.18 ± 10.81 † |
| Ti (msec) | Te (msec) | PIF (mL/s) | PEF (mL/s) | TV (mL) | EV (mL) | NTV (mL) | NEV (mL) | RT (msec) | |
| NC | 153.32 ± 22.58 | 128.73 ± 20.50 | 24.05 ± 6.32 | 29.10 ± 7.55 | 2.69 ± 0.85 | 2.72 ± 0.90 | 1.91 ± 0.32 | 1.91 ± 0.32 | 83.29 ± 12.19 |
| MP | 172.97 ± 11.58 * | 186.15 ± 25.21 ** | 21.09 ± 3.36 | 21.95 ± 5.88 | 2.79 ± 0.56 | 2.82 ± 0.56 | 1.49 ± 0.30 | 1.49 ± 0.30 | 119.08 ± 16.53 ** |
| MPs + M | 155.87 ± 3.04 † | 147.99 ± 11.36 † | 28.76 ± 8.35 † | 34.09 ± 9.76 †† | 3.51 ± 1.07 | 3.56 ± 1.07 | 1.88 ± 0.60 | 1.88 ± 0.60 | 94.59 ± 6.65 †† |
Data are the mean ± SD of five experiments in triplicate. * NC (control) vs. MPs (PS-MPs exposure) group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; MPs group vs. MPs + M (PS-MPs exposure + melatonin treatment) group, † p < 0.05, †† p < 0.01. Abbreviations: F, breathing frequency; TV, tidal volume; MV, minute ventilation; Ti, inspiratory time; Te, expiratory time; PIF, peak inspiratory flow; PEF, peak expiratory flow; EV, expiratory volume; NTV, nasal tidal volume; NEV, nasal expiratory volume, EIP, end inspiratory pause; EEP, end expiratory pause; dT, time delay; sRaw, specific airway resistance; sGaw, specific airway conductance; EF50, flow at mid-tidal expiratory volume. Each group comprised 9–10 animals. Data are the mean ± SD of triplicate.