Table 1.
Univariate analysis of socio demographic and clinical correlates of Insomnia
| Variables | Insomnia | X2 | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||||
| N | % | N | Weighted% | ||||
| Age | 19.79 | 0.02 | |||||
| 21–34 | 376 | 87.55 | 50 | 12.45 | |||
| 35–49 | 340 | 92.33 | 21 | 7.67 | |||
| 50 and above | 329 | 95.89 | 13 | 4.11 | |||
| Marital Status | 24.98 | 0.01 | |||||
| Never Married | 316 | 86.35 | 47 | 13.65 | |||
| Married | 650 | 95.22 | 31 | 4.78 | |||
| Divorced/ Separated/ Widowed | 79 | 93.67 | 6 | 6.33 | |||
| Depression | 265.09 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 988 | 96.37 | 43 | 3.631 | |||
| Yes | 57 | 49.71 | 41 | 50.29 | |||
| Anxiety | 210.59 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 974 | 96.06 | 47 | 3.94 | |||
| Yes | 71 | 55.41 | 37 | 44.59 | |||
| Stress | 114.87 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 977 | 94.94 | 50 | 5.06 | |||
| Yes | 68 | 62.49 | 34 | 37.51 | |||
| COVID-19 Related Stressors | |||||||
| I might be infected with COVID-19 | 8.45 | 0.05 | |||||
| No | 715 | 94.15 | 41 | 5.85 | |||
| Yes | 330 | 89.25 | 43 | 10.75 | |||
| Unemployment | 10.24 | 0.04 | |||||
| No | 585 | 94.7 | 25 | 5.30 | |||
| Yes | 460 | 89.64 | 59 | 10.36 | |||
| Financial loss | 24.27 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 553 | 95.97 | 18 | 4.03 | |||
| Yes | 492 | 88.24 | 66 | 11.76 | |||
| School Closure | 22.01 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 783 | 94.38 | 50 | 5.62 | |||
| Yes | 262 | 84.99 | 34 | 15.01 | |||
| Exposure to COVID-19: Have you directly been in contact with any of the identified clusters in Singapore | 5.10 | 0.01 | |||||
| No | 997 | 92.96 | 75 | 7.04 | |||
| Yes | 36 | 80.08 | 8 | 19.92 | |||
| Chronic Conditions | |||||||
| Asthma | 18.30 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 940 | 93.7 | 68 | 6.30 | |||
| Yes | 104 | 82.27 | 16 | 17.73 | |||
| Backache | 32.63 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 917 | 94.31 | 70 | 5.69 | |||
| Yes | 124 | 80.9 | 14 | 19.1 | |||
| Migraine | 22.73 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 938 | 93.76 | 65 | 6.24 | |||
| Yes | 102 | 80.25 | 18 | 19.75 | |||
| Future 1 month Risk of COVID-19 Infection | 11.60 | 0.03 | |||||
| Never | 706 | 93.96 | 39 | 6.044 | |||
| 50/50 | 217 | 87.44 | 31 | 12.56 | |||
| Likely certain | 90.85 | 33 | 8 | 9.15 | |||
*Only significant variables are reported in the table above
- The variables included in the Chi- squared test were age, gender, ethnicity, education, employment, marital status, income, PHQ-9, GAD-7, DASS, COVID-19 related stressors, Exposure to COVID-19 infection, Chronic conditions, Current perceived and future 1 month risk of COVID-19 infection.