Table 2.

Main cellular elements of the human retina.

Cell Type	Location	Function	Reference
Bipolar	Inner Nuclear Layer	Transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.	[3]
Horizontal		Integrate input from multiple photoreceptors to enhance contrast and visual acuity.
Amacrine		Modulate signal transmission between bipolar and ganglion cells. Also involved in temporal processing.
Ganglion	Ganglionic Layer	Transmit visual information from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve.
Photoreceptors	Rod and Cone Layer	Capture light and convert it into electrical signals for neural processing.
Glial	Various Locations	Include Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia which serve critical support and maintenance functions.