Skip to main content
. 2024 Nov 26;46(12):13526–13541. doi: 10.3390/cimb46120808

Table 1.

Summary of the characteristics of included studies.

References Region Raw D. morbifera Extraction Methods Physicochemical Properties Cosmetic
Properties
Experimental Subjects Main Outcomes
Compounds Mean ± SD
Akram et al., 2016 [24] Korea Leaves Methanol extraction Anti-inflammatory RAW264.7 cells Inhibition of the expression of IL and TNF-α markers (pg/mL) and NO production (%)
Choi et al., 2021 [26] Korea Leaves Ethanol extraction Antimicrobial HFDPC cells
S. aureus
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm)
Cell viability (%)
Choo et al., 2019 [15] Korea Leaves Ethanol extraction Anti-inflammatory RAW246.7 cell Inhibition of the expression of IL and TNF-α markers (pg/mL) and NO production (%)
Hoang et al., 2022 [13] Korea Leaves and wood Microwave-assisted extraction Phenolic (mg GAE/ug)
Flavonoid (mg QE/g)
313.03 ± 3.9
32.37 ± 0.9
Whitening effect
Biocompatibility
HaCaT cells Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%)
Cell viability (%)
Jang et al., 2020 [16] Korea Leaves Ethanol extraction Phenolic (mg GAE/g)
Flavonoid (mg QE/g)
48.77 ± 1.52
31.86 ± 1.44
Antimicrobial L929 cells
S. aureus
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm)
Kim et al., 2015 [4] Korea Branches Ethanol extraction Antimicrobial
Biocompatibility
HaCaT cells
S. mutans
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm)
Cell viability (%)
Kim et al., 2021 [3] Korea Leaves and stems Methanol extraction Phenolic (mg GAE/g)
Flavonoid (mg QE/g)
51.4 ± 1.32
11.3 ± 2.01
Whitening effect Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%)
Lee et al., 2015 [5] Korea Leaves n-hexane extraction Whitening effect B16F10 cells Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%)
Lee et al., 2019 [19] Korea Leaves and branches Hot-water extraction Antimicrobial S. aureus Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm)
Mo et al., 2013 [27] Korea Leaves Methanol extract Flavonoids (mg RE/g) 98.53 ± 4.09 Whitening effects B16F10 cells Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%)
Park et al., 2013 [14] Korea Leaves Ethanol extraction Whitening effect
Biocompatibility
HaCaT cells Inhibition of melanin production (%)
Cell viability (%)
Park et al., 2014 [28] Korea Leaves Ethanol extraction Whitening effect B16F10 cells Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%)
Park et al., 2016 [12] Korea Leaves Methanol extraction Phenolic (mg GAE/g)
Flavonoid (mg QE/g)
74.08 ± 7.18
97.36 ± 2.24
Anti-inflammatory
Biocompatibility
HFDPC cells
P. acnes
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm)
Cell viability (%)
Park et al., 2017 [25] Korea Leaves Water extraction Anti-inflammatory EL-4 T cells Inhibition of the expression of IL markers (pg/mL)
Park et al., 2019 [29] Korea Leaves and branches Ethanol extraction Biocompatibility HFDPC cells Cell viability (%)
Park et al., 2020 [21] Korea Leaves Water extraction Whitening effect B16F10 cells Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%)