Table 1.
References | Region | Raw D. morbifera | Extraction Methods | Physicochemical Properties | Cosmetic Properties |
Experimental Subjects | Main Outcomes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compounds | Mean ± SD | |||||||
Akram et al., 2016 [24] | Korea | Leaves | Methanol extraction | — | — | Anti-inflammatory | RAW264.7 cells | Inhibition of the expression of IL and TNF- markers (pg/mL) and NO production (%) |
Choi et al., 2021 [26] | Korea | Leaves | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Antimicrobial | HFDPC cells S. aureus |
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm) Cell viability (%) |
Choo et al., 2019 [15] | Korea | Leaves | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Anti-inflammatory | RAW246.7 cell | Inhibition of the expression of IL and TNF- markers (pg/mL) and NO production (%) |
Hoang et al., 2022 [13] | Korea | Leaves and wood | Microwave-assisted extraction | Phenolic (mg GAE/ug) Flavonoid (mg QE/g) |
313.03 ± 3.9 32.37 ± 0.9 |
Whitening effect Biocompatibility |
HaCaT cells | Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%) Cell viability (%) |
Jang et al., 2020 [16] | Korea | Leaves | Ethanol extraction | Phenolic (mg GAE/g) Flavonoid (mg QE/g) |
48.77 ± 1.52 31.86 ± 1.44 |
Antimicrobial | L929 cells S. aureus |
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm) |
Kim et al., 2015 [4] | Korea | Branches | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Antimicrobial Biocompatibility |
HaCaT cells S. mutans |
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm) Cell viability (%) |
Kim et al., 2021 [3] | Korea | Leaves and stems | Methanol extraction | Phenolic (mg GAE/g) Flavonoid (mg QE/g) |
51.4 ± 1.32 11.3 ± 2.01 |
Whitening effect | — | Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%) |
Lee et al., 2015 [5] | Korea | Leaves | n-hexane extraction | — | — | Whitening effect | B16F10 cells | Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%) |
Lee et al., 2019 [19] | Korea | Leaves and branches | Hot-water extraction | — | — | Antimicrobial | S. aureus | Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm) |
Mo et al., 2013 [27] | Korea | Leaves | Methanol extract | Flavonoids (mg RE/g) | 98.53 ± 4.09 | Whitening effects | B16F10 cells | Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%) |
Park et al., 2013 [14] | Korea | Leaves | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Whitening effect Biocompatibility |
HaCaT cells | Inhibition of melanin production (%) Cell viability (%) |
Park et al., 2014 [28] | Korea | Leaves | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Whitening effect | B16F10 cells | Inhibition of tyrosinase production (%) |
Park et al., 2016 [12] | Korea | Leaves | Methanol extraction | Phenolic (mg GAE/g) Flavonoid (mg QE/g) |
74.08 ± 7.18 97.36 ± 2.24 |
Anti-inflammatory Biocompatibility |
HFDPC cells P. acnes |
Inhibition of bacterial growth (mm) Cell viability (%) |
Park et al., 2017 [25] | Korea | Leaves | Water extraction | — | — | Anti-inflammatory | EL-4 T cells | Inhibition of the expression of IL markers (pg/mL) |
Park et al., 2019 [29] | Korea | Leaves and branches | Ethanol extraction | — | — | Biocompatibility | HFDPC cells | Cell viability (%) |
Park et al., 2020 [21] | Korea | Leaves | Water extraction | — | — | Whitening effect | B16F10 cells | Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin production (%) |