Table 3.
Summary of standardized mean differences (SMDs) comparison between the DME treatment and control groups.
| Cosmetic Properties | No. of Studies | Comparison Perspectives | n | SMD (95% CI) | I2
(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biocompatibility | 5 | Cell viability of HaCaT cells (%) | 12 | 0.73 [−0.34, 1.80] | 46 |
| Cell viability of HFDPC cells (%) | 10 | 1.15 [−0.09, 2.39] | 49 | ||
| Whitening effects | 7 | Inhibition of the production of tyrosinase (%) | 21 | 6.85 [4.27, 9.44] | 33 |
| Inhibition of the production of melanin (%) | 11 | 23.38 [12.94, 33.82] | 0 | ||
| Anti-inflammatory properties | 4 | Inhibition of the expression of IL markers (pg/mL) | 18 | 5.22 [3.12, 7.33] | 29 |
| Inhibition of the expression of TNF-α (pg/mL) | 7 | 1.09 [−0.5, 2.67] | 83 | ||
| Inhibition of the production of NO (%) | 7 | 6.92 [2.89, 10.96] | 0 | ||
| Antimicrobial properties | 5 | Inhibition of the growth of bacteria (mm) | 18 | [3.15, 7.42] | 31 |