Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants during first donation visita.
| Overall | PCCb | COVID-19 related hospitalization | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y | N | p | Y | N | p | |||
| N donors | 3344 | 519 | 2825 | – | 40 | 3304 | – | |
| Age (median [IQR])c, d | Years | 48.0 (38.0, 56.0) | 48.0 (38.0, 55.0) | 49.0 (38.0, 56.0) | 0.09g | 53.5 (46.5, 61.0) | 48.0 (37.0, 56.0) | <0.01g |
| 16–29 | 11.2% | 11.2% | 11.3% | 0.15h | 2.4% | 11.4% | <0.01h | |
| 30–44 | 27.6% | 29.9% | 27.2% | 17.5% | 27.7% | |||
| 45–59 | 45.7% | 46.4% | 45.6% | 50.0% | 45.6% | |||
| 60+ | 15.5% | 12.5% | 16.0% | 30.0% | 15.3% | |||
| Gender (%) | Female | 59.2% | 66.1% | 57.9% | <0.01h | 35.0% | 59.4% | <0.01h |
| Male | 40.9% | 33.9% | 42.1% | 65.0% | 40.6% | |||
| Race-ethnicity (%) | White (non-Hispanic) | 87.6% | 84.6% | 88.1% | 0.04h | 87.5% | 87.6% | 0.88h |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 2.5% | 0.8% | |||
| Other | 11.6% | 14.1% | 11.2% | 10.0% | 11.6% | |||
| Educational attainment (%) | <High school | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.7% | <0.01h | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.52h |
| High school diplomae | 37.5% | 44.5% | 36.2% | 42.5% | 37.4% | |||
| Bachelor’s degree | 37.1% | 34.9% | 37.6% | 37.5% | 37.1% | |||
| Graduate degree | 24.6% | 19.7% | 25.5% | 20.0% | 24.7% | |||
| Country of birth (%) | US | 95.4% | 94.8% | 95.5% | 0.50h | 95.0% | 95.4% | 0.91h |
| Outside US | 4.6% | 5.2% | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.6% | |||
| Cholesterol (median [IQR]) | mg/dL | 183.0 (161.0, 209.0) | 186.0 (162.0, 209.0) | 183.0 (161.0, 208.0) | 0.57g | 193.5 (172.0, 221.5) | 183.0 (161.0, 208.0) | 0.06g |
| SBP (median [IQR]) | mm Hg | 121.0 (112.0, 132.0) | 122.0 (112.0, 133.0) | 121.0 (112.0, 132.0) | 0.19g | 126.5 (117.0, 140.0) | 121.0 (112.0, 132.0) | <0.05g |
| DBP (median [IQR]) | mm Hg | 76.0 (70.0, 83.0) | 78.0 (71.0, 83.0) | 76.0 (70.0, 82.0) | 0.02g | 78.5 (72.0, 85.0) | 76.0 (70.0, 82.0) | 0.11g |
| Height (median [IQR])d, f | in | 67.0 (64.0, 70.0) | 66.0 (64.0, 70.0) | 67.0 (64.0, 70.0) | <0.01g | 70.0 (66.5, 72.0) | 67.0 (64.0, 70.0) | <0.01g |
| Weight (median [IQR])d, f | lb | 175.0 (147.0, 200.0) | 180.0 (148.0, 210.0) | 173.0 (147.0, 200.0) | 0.02g | 210.0 (192.5, 230.0) | 174.0 (147.0, 200.0) | <0.01g |
| BMI (median [IQR])f | kg/m2 | 26.5 (23.7, 30.2) | 27.5 (24.2, 31.7) | 26.4 (23.6, 30.0) | <0.01g | 30.4 (27.5, 34.1) | 26.5 (23.6, 30.2) | <0.01g |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | <0.01h | 0.0% | 0.2% | <0.01h | |
| ≥18.5 and <25.0 kg/m2 | 36.5% | 32.6% | 37.2% | 15.0% | 36.8% | |||
| ≥25.0 and <30.0 kg/m2 | 36.9% | 32.2% | 37.8% | 32.5% | 37.0% | |||
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 26.4% | 35.1% | 24.8% | 52.5% | 26.1% | |||
| Geographic region | Mountain | 21.4% | 24.9% | 20.8% | <0.01h | 27.5% | 21.4% | 0.18h |
| South | 23.4% | 26.0% | 22.9% | 20.0% | 23.4% | |||
| Southwest | 29.6% | 32.4% | 29.1% | 42.5% | 29.5% | |||
| West | 25.6% | 16.8% | 27.2% | 10.0% | 25.8% | |||
BMI body mass index, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, PCC post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Cardiometabolic indicators from 42,090 donations collected between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018.
Self-report, based on the following survey question: “Do you describe yourself has having symptoms lasting at least 4 weeks and as having ‘long COVID’?”
Age was reported by calendar age as integer values. One blood donation eligibility criterion is age; therefore, participants are 16 years and older. We also considered observations with age >4 SD above the mean (>116.2 years) as biologically implausible values; these were excluded.
We considered age, height, or weight values >4 SD above or below the mean as biologically implausible values. These observations were considered as missing values and excluded in this analysis.
Includes some college and associate’s degrees.
Not normally distributed, based on p values of normality test statistic (Kolmogorov–Smirnov). Median (IQR) values reported.
p value from Wilcoxon rank sum test statistic.
p value from Mantel–Haenszel chi-square test statistic.