Figure 12.

The scheme showing the construction of engineered living materials (ELMs) with encapsulated nano-bacteria hybrids: CdS NPs biomineralized by Shewanella oneidensis deposited on the surface of cells for self-assembly of nano-bacteria hybrids; the hybrids encapsulated in an alginate hydrogel containing nutrients to form ELMs. Nano-bacteria hybrids in the ELMs with possible application to remove contaminants via photocatalytic reductive degradation (top right). Reprinted from Reference [164]. Copyright under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.