| PA | Phenolic acids |
| HBA | Hydroxybenzoic acid |
| HCA | Hydroxycinnamic acid |
| CQA | Caffeoylquinic acid |
| SDG | Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside |
| ED | Enterodiol |
| EL | Entrolactone |
| CGA | Chlorogenic acid |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| Sir2 | Silent information regulator 2 |
| CVD | Cardiovascular diseases |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| NLR | Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NOD | Nucleotide oligomerization domain |
| NF-ĸB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| IPEC | Intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line |
| LPH | Lactase phlorizin hydrolase |
| CBG | Cytosolic β-glucosidase |
| Caco2 | Immortalized cell line of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells |
| HT29 | Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line with epithelial morphology |
| UGT | UDP glucuronosyltransferase |
| SULTs | Sulfotransferases |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyl transferase |
| AOA | Antioxidant Activity |
| TPC | Total polyphenol content |
| DW | Dry weight |
| MRP-2 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein-2 |