Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Variable | Values (n = 143) |
|---|---|
| Age (yrs.) | Median (IQR): 64 (54–71) |
| Sex (female/male) | 107/36 |
| Disease duration (yrs) | Median (IQR): 8 (4–14) |
| Height (cm) | 156.9 ± 9.4 |
| Weight (kg) | Median (IQR): 52.3 (46.2–61.4) |
| Body mass index | 22.0 ± 3.1 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 25 (17.5%) |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 23 (16.1%) |
| Right-handedness, n (%) | 126 (88.1%) |
| Operation (hand), n (%) | 7 (4.9%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 18 (12.6%) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 6 (4.2%) |
| CRP (mg/dL) | Median (IQR): 0.10 (0.00–0.30) |
| ESR (mm/1 h) | Median (IQR): 16 (9–29) |
| DAS28-CRP | Median (IQR): 1.73 (1.24–2.40) |
| DAS28-ESR | 2.79 ± 1.10 |
| CDAI | Median (IQR): 2.2 (0–5.16) |
| SDAI | Median (IQR): 2.4 (0.3–5.5) |
| RF positive, n (%) | 92/113 (81.4%) |
| ACPA positive, n (%) | 53/71 (74.6%) |
| Methotrexate, n (%) | 95 (66.4%) |
| Dose (mg/week) | 4.8 ± 4.1 |
| Prednisolone, n (%) | 73 (51.0%) |
| Dose (mg/day) | 1.8 ± 2.5 |
| DMARDs, n (%) | 47 (32.8%) |
| Biologic therapy, n (%) | 56 (39.2%) |
| Bisphosphonate, n (%) | 43 (30.1%) |
| Vitamin D, n (%) | 25 (17.5%) |
| Other anti-osteoporosis drug, n (%) | 3 (2.1%) |
Median (Q1–Q3): The median value is presented with the interquartile range (25th percentile [Q1] to 75th percentile [Q3]). Mean ± SD: The mean value is presented with its standard deviation (SD). Age (yrs.): Age in years. Sex (female/male): Number of female and male participants. Disease duration (yrs.): Duration of disease in years. Height (cm): Participant height in centimeters. Weight (kg): Participant weight in kilograms. Body mass index: Body mass index calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). Smoking, n (%): Number and percentage of participants who smoke. Alcohol drinking, n (%): Number and percentage of participants who consume alcohol. Right-handedness, n (%): Number and percentage of participants with right-handed dominance. Operation (hand), n (%): Number and percentage of participants who underwent hand surgery. Diabetes mellitus, n (%): Number and percentage of participants with diabetes. Chronic kidney disease, n (%): Number and percentage of participants with chronic kidney disease. CRP (mg/dL): C-reactive protein levels in milligrams per deciliter. ESR (mm/1 h): Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in millimeters per hour. DAS28-CRP: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints with CRP. DAS28-ESR: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. CDAI: Clinical Disease Activity Index. SDAI: Simplified Disease Activity Index. RF positive, n (%): Number and percentage of participants testing positive for rheumatoid factor. ACPA positive, n (%): Number and percentage of participants testing positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibody. Methotrexate, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with methotrexate. Dose (mg/week): Weekly dose of methotrexate in milligrams. Prednisolone, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with prednisolone. Dose (mg/day): Daily dose of prednisolone in milligrams. DMARDs, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Biologic therapy, n (%): Number and percentage of participants receiving biologic therapies. Bisphosphonate, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with bisphosphonates f. Vitamin D, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with vitamin D. Other anti-osteoporosis drug, n (%): Number and percentage of participants treated with non-bisphosphonate anti-osteoporosis drugs.