Table 3.
Association between vitamins B1, B2, and B6 with the risk of gastric cancer, stratified by BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and history of type 2 diabetes, in the current study.
| Vitamin B1 | Vitamin B2 | Vitamin B6 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin Intake | Control | Case | OR (95% CI) * | Control | Case | OR (95% CI) * | Control | Case | OR (95% CI) * |
| Non-cardia | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 520 | 314 | 1.00 | 565 | 304 | 1.00 | 542 | 310 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 599 | 242 | 0.65 (0.52–0.82) | 578 | 214 | 0.73 (0.59–0.92) | 631 | 206 | 0.53 (0.42–0.68) |
| Quintile 3 | 624 | 217 | 0.55 (0.44–0.70) | 662 | 220 | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 612 | 208 | 0.55 (0.42–0.71) |
| Quintile 4 | 585 | 215 | 0.59 (0.45–0.76) | 590 | 208 | 0.78 (0.61–1.00) | 578 | 237 | 0.63 (0.47–0.84) |
| Quintile 5 | 667 | 157 | 0.43 (0.32–0.57) | 600 | 199 | 0.88 (0.67–1.15) | 632 | 184 | 0.48 (0.35–0.67) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.84 (0.78–0.89) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.88 (0.82–0.96) | ||||||
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.44 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Cardia | |||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 520 | 12 | 1.00 | 565 | 12 | 1.00 | 542 | 9 | 1.00 |
| Tertile 2 | 1223 | 13 | 0.44 (0.18–1.06) | 1240 | 14 | 0.57 (0.25–1.31) | 1243 | 17 | 0.62 (0.23–1.61) |
| Tertile 3 | 1252 | 12 | 0.38 (0.13–1.10) | 1190 | 11 | 0.47 (0.17–1.29) | 1210 | 11 | 0.33 (0.09–1.23) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.79 (0.60–1.03) | 0.82 (0.64–1.07) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | ||||||
| Ptrend | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.09 | ||||||
| BMI < 23 kg/m2 | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 368 | 263 | 1.00 | 412 | 265 | 1.00 | 378 | 260 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 437 | 226 | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 420 | 188 | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 478 | 190 | 0.57 (0.44–0.73) |
| Quintile 3 | 443 | 191 | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | 449 | 192 | 0.74 (0.57–0.94) | 429 | 189 | 0.65 (0.49–0.87) |
| Quintile 4 | 427 | 195 | 0.61 (0.46–0.80) | 426 | 188 | 0.79 (0.60–1.03) | 408 | 206 | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) |
| Quintile 5 | 446 | 135 | 0.40 (0.29–0.55) | 414 | 177 | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | 428 | 165 | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 2121 | 1010 | 0.82 (0.77–0.89) | 2121 | 1010 | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 2121 | 1010 | 0.93 (0.86–1.02) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.34 | 0.09 | ||||||
| BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 152 | 63 | 1.00 | 153 | 51 | 1.00 | 164 | 59 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 162 | 22 | 0.30 (0.17–0.53) | 158 | 32 | 0.60 (0.35–1.01) | 153 | 24 | 0.40 (0.23–0.69) |
| Quintile 3 | 181 | 33 | 0.41 (0.24–0.70) | 213 | 36 | 0.55 (0.33–0.93) | 183 | 28 | 0.36 (0.20–0.65) |
| Quintile 4 | 158 | 27 | 0.37 (0.20–0.68) | 164 | 26 | 0.53 (0.28–1.00) | 170 | 38 | 0.51 (0.27–0.95) |
| Quintile 5 | 221 | 27 | 0.28 (0.15–0.52) | 186 | 27 | 0.52 (0.27–0.99) | 204 | 23 | 0.26 (0.12–0.54) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 874 | 172 | 0.77 (0.66–0.89) | 874 | 172 | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) | 874 | 172 | 0.78 (0.65–0.92) |
| Ptrend | 0.001 | 0.16 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Never-Smokers | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 323 | 171 | 1.00 | 364 | 170 | 1.00 | 341 | 169 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 371 | 124 | 0.64 (0.48–0.86) | 348 | 121 | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 411 | 103 | 0.49 (0.36–0.67) |
| Quintile 3 | 375 | 117 | 0.59 (0.43–0.80) | 406 | 116 | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) | 367 | 124 | 0.68 (0.49–0.95) |
| Quintile 4 | 340 | 115 | 0.62 (0.45–0.88) | 335 | 102 | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) | 349 | 118 | 0.67 (0.46–0.99) |
| Quintile 5 | 413 | 74 | 0.34 (0.23–0.50) | 369 | 92 | 0.71 (0.49–1.02) | 354 | 87 | 0.54 (0.35–0.84) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1822 | 601 | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | 1822 | 601 | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 1822 | 601 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Ever-Smokers | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 197 | 155 | 1.00 | 201 | 146 | 1.00 | 201 | 150 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 228 | 124 | 0.67 (0.48–0.93) | 230 | 99 | 0.63 (0.45–0.88) | 220 | 111 | 0.68 (0.48–0.95) |
| Quintile 3 | 249 | 107 | 0.50 (0.35–0.71) | 256 | 112 | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 245 | 93 | 0.50 (0.34–0.73) |
| Quintile 4 | 245 | 107 | 0.53 (0.36–0.78) | 255 | 112 | 0.73 (0.51–1.06) | 229 | 126 | 0.72 (0.47–1.09) |
| Quintile 5 | 254 | 88 | 0.41 (0.27–0.62) | 231 | 112 | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | 278 | 101 | 0.48 (0.30–0.76) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1173 | 581 | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | 1173 | 581 | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 1173 | 581 | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.54 | ||||||
| No History of Type 2 Diabetes | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 455 | 294 | 1.00 | 495 | 286 | 1.00 | 480 | 296 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 504 | 211 | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | 487 | 182 | 0.71 (0.56–0.90) | 545 | 190 | 0.54 (0.42–0.69) |
| Quintile 3 | 522 | 175 | 0.53 (0.41–0.68) | 565 | 187 | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 520 | 183 | 0.53 (0.41–0.70) |
| Quintile 4 | 460 | 172 | 0.60 (0.46–0.80) | 458 | 163 | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | 461 | 176 | 0.54 (0.40–0.74) |
| Quintile 5 | 538 | 126 | 0.39 (0.29–0.53) | 474 | 160 | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 473 | 133 | 0.40 (0.28–0.57) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.83 (0.77–0.91) | ||||||
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.10 | <0.001 | ||||||
| History of Type 2 Diabetes | |||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 39 | 13 | 1.00 | 41 | 10 | 1.00 | 50 | 15 | 1.00 |
| Tertile 2 | 70 | 9 | 0.31 (0.09–1.03) | 75 | 13 | 0.69 (0.22–2.21) | 68 | 8 | 0.25 (0.07–0.92) |
| Tertile 3 | 62 | 7 | 0.26 (0.06–1.19) | 55 | 6 | 0.40 (0.08–2.00) | 53 | 6 | 0.22 (0.04–1.32) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.80 (0.53–1.19) | 0.68 (0.44–1.05) | ||||||
| Ptrend | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.13 | 0.85 | 0.35 | ||||||
| Alcohol Non-Users | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 323 | 149 | 1.00 | 358 | 157 | 1.00 | 360 | 153 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 360 | 133 | 0.76 (0.57–1.03) | 353 | 116 | 0.74 (0.55–0.99) | 391 | 110 | 0.66 (0.48–0.90) |
| Quintile 3 | 352 | 128 | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 380 | 132 | 0.83 (0.62–1.12) | 346 | 122 | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) |
| Quintile 4 | 307 | 111 | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 294 | 99 | 0.81 (0.57–1.14) | 286 | 123 | 1.01 (0.69–1.47) |
| Quintile 5 | 364 | 91 | 0.48 (0.32–0.70) | 321 | 108 | 0.91 (0.64–1.30) | 323 | 104 | 0.80 (0.52–1.22) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1706 | 612 | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | 1706 | 612 | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 1706 | 612 | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.97 | ||||||
| Ever-Alcohol Drinkers | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 197 | 177 | 1.00 | 207 | 159 | 1.00 | 182 | 166 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 239 | 115 | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | 225 | 104 | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 240 | 104 | 0.46 (0.33–0.65) |
| Quintile 3 | 272 | 96 | 0.40 (0.28–0.57) | 282 | 96 | 0.55 (0.39–0.78) | 266 | 95 | 0.37 (0.25–0.55) |
| Quintile 4 | 278 | 111 | 0.50 (0.34–0.72) | 296 | 115 | 0.73 (0.51–1.03) | 292 | 121 | 0.43 (0.28–0.66) |
| Quintile 5 | 303 | 71 | 0.28 (0.19–0.43) | 279 | 96 | 0.70 (0.47–1.04) | 309 | 84 | 0.29 (0.18–0.47) |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1289 | 570 | 0.77 (0.70–0.85) | 1289 | 570 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 1289 | 570 | 0.79 (0.70–0.88) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.12 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.02 | 0.05 | <0.001 | ||||||
* Model adjusted for age (15–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70+) (if applicable), sex, education level (primary, secondary, and high school or higher), BMI (kg/m2, <18.5, 18.5–22.9, 23–24.9, ≥25), alcohol consumption (yes/no), family history of cancer (yes/no), smoking status (ever/never), history of type 2 diabetes (yes/no), coffee drinking (yes/no), total energy intake (kcal/day, tertile), fridge at home, blood group (A, AB, B, and O), four periods of data collection, and H. pylori status. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; bold font: statistical significance (p < 0.05).