Figure 5.

The effects of TiO₂@OMV nanoparticles on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. (a) CAL27 and L929 cells were treated with media containing 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/mL TiO₂@OMV nanoparticles. After 24 h, the cells were harvested and fixed in ice alcohol. Then, the cells were incubated in PBS containing 40 μg/mL propidium iodide and 100 μg/mL RNase A. Propidiumiodide-labeled nuclei were analyzed by flow cytometry. (b) The statistics of CAL27 cell cycle. (c) The statistics of CAL27 apoptosis. (d) The statistics of L929 cell cycle. (e) The statistics of L929 apoptosis.