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Cell viability of (a) CAL27 oral cancer cells, and (b) L929 normal cells incubated with TiO2@OMV nanoparticles (various concentrations = 0, 0.1, 2, 5, 10 μg/mL) for 12 h and subjected to X-ray irradiation (6 MV, 2 Gy) or no irradiation. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of n = 3 biologically independent samples. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA **** p < 0.0001).
