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. 2024 Dec 20;14(24):2045. doi: 10.3390/nano14242045

Figure 9.

Figure 9

The cell viability of the macrophage–cancer cell co-culture set up in transwell plates (0.4 μm microporous membrane). Macrophages were seeded onto the insert and CAL27 cancer cells were seeded onto the bottom chamber. Cancer cells treated with OMVs (5 ug/mL) and TiO2@OMV (5 ug/mL) for 12 h and were subjected to X-ray irradiation (6 MV, 2 Gy) or no irradiation. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of n = 3 biologically independent samples. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA.