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Cytokine levels of CAL27 cells medium. Macrophage–cancer cell co-culture and cancer cells treated with OMVs (5 ug/mL) and TiO2@OMV (5 ug/mL) for 12 h and were subjected to X-ray irradiation (6 MV, 2 Gy) or no irradiation. After two days, the ELISA kit analysis (a) of TNF-α Cytokine levels. (b) IL-6 Cytokine levels.
