Table 2.
Examples from the literature detailing results of studies where ticks were treated with conidial suspension of EPFs under field conditions.
| Sr. No. | Entomopathogens (Strains) | Tick Species | Tick Stages | Result | Reference | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
M. anisopliae (Ma01, Ma02) |
R. (B.) microplus | Engorged females | EPI reduced; LH decreased | [94] | Brazil |
| 2 | B. bassiana | R. microplus | Adults | 13–38% adult mortality | [95] | South Africa |
| 3 | M. robertsii (IP 146) | R. microplus | Larvae | 38.4% larval mortality | [23] | Brazil |
| 4 | M. anisopliae (LCM S01) | R. microplus | Larvae | 86% larval mortality | [96] | Brazil |
| 5 |
M. anisopliae (JEF-214, -279, and -290) |
H. longicornis | Nymphs | 80% nymph mortality in 7 days, rising to 100% in 14 days | [97] | Korea |
| 6 | B. bassiana (Baubassil ®) | R. (B.) microplus | Adults | 84.8% adult mortality | [98] | Colombia |
| 7 | M. anisopliae (ICIPE 7) and B. bassiana (ICIPE 718) | Rhipicephalus decoloratus | Larvae | 100% larval mortality on 20th day | [99] | Kenya |
| 8 |
M. anisopliae (ESALQ 1037, ESALQ E9) |
R. microplus | Engorged females | 90.53% adult mortality | [100] | Brazil |
| 9 |
B. bassiana (Balsamo, Vuillemin) |
Hyalomma lusitanicum | Adults | 78.63% reduction of ticks in spring till 30th day, with a 63.28% reduction till 60th day 35.7% reduction in summer till 30th day, with a 29.01% at 60th day |
[101] | Spain |
| 10 |
M. anisopliae sensu lato X-1c |
I. ricinus | Larvae and nymphs | 92% larval mortality 94% nymphs’ mortality |
[102] | Germany |
| 11 |
M. anisopliae (TIS-BR03) |
R. microplus | Engorged females | 97.0% adult mortality | [103] | Brazil |
| 12 |
M. brunneum (strain 7) |
R. (B) annulatus | Engorged Females |
93% adult mortality within 3–4 weeks during summer and 62.2% adult mortality within 6 weeks during summer | [39] | Israel |
| 13 |
M. brunneum (M-7) |
R. sanguineus | Larvae, nymphs, adults | larval mortality 49%; nymph mortality 79%; adult mortality 25.3% | [104] | Israel |
| 14 |
M. brunneum F52 |
I. scapularis | Nymphs | 50% nymph mortality in 7 days | [105] | USA |
| 15 |
M. anisopliae (NA1) |
Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and R. (B.) decoloratus | Adult | 83% control of tick populations | [106] | Namibia |
| 16 | M. anisopliae (Ma14, Ma34) | R. microplus | Adult and larvae | 67–100% adult mortality | [77] | Mexico |
| 17 |
M. anisopliae (Ma 14) I. fumosorosea |
R. microplus | Larvae | 94% larval mortality | [107] | Mexico |
| 18 | B. bassiana (ATCC 74040) | I. scapularis | Nymph | 38–58.7% control | [108] | USA |
| 19 | M. anisopliae (F52) | 55.6–84.6% control | ||||
| 20 |
M. anisopliae (Ma34) |
R. (B.) microplus | Engorged females | 45% control at day 1 and 5 | [109] | Mexico |
| 21 |
M. anisopliae (ARSEF3297 and IMI386697) |
R. (B.) microplus | Engorged females | Tick density was reduced (8.5 ± 0.6 and 19.1 ± 0.6 ticks/host) after 3 weeks | [110] | USA |
| 22 | M. anisopliae | R. (B.) microplus | Larvae | 86.9% to 94.08% control from day 35 to 48 post-infestation | [111] | Brazil |
| 23 |
M. anisopliae (ESALQ, 959) |
R. (B.) microplus | Larvae | 40.0% control | [112] | Brazil |
| 24 |
B. bassiana (Bb 986) |
A. nitens | Nymphs | 70.1% control | [113] | Brazil |
| 25 | B. bassiana | A. nitens | Adult | 50% on day 4–25 after treatment, | [114] | Brazil |
| 26 | M anisopliae and B. bassiana | A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus | Larvae, nymph, adult |
larvae 100%, nymph 40–50%, and adult 80–90% |
[66] | Namibia |
| 27 | M. anisopliae | R. (B.) microplus | Engorged females | 30% control on reproductive index | [115] | Brazil |
| 28 | M. anisopliae | R. (B.) microplus | Engorged female | 43.3% control | [116] | Brazil |
| 29 | M. anisopliae | R. (B.) microplus | Engorged females | 52% reduction in EPI | [117] | Brazil |
EPI = egg production index; LH = larval hatchability.