View full-text article in PMC Sensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 16;24(24):8026. doi: 10.3390/s24248026 Search in PMC Search in PubMed View in NLM Catalog Add to search Copyright and License information © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). PMC Copyright notice Algorithm 2 Initialization Algorithm Input: Initial population size: nI. Output: Initial solutions P. 1:Set P={Pi(0)}nI,Pi(0)=(Wi1,Wi2),i=1,2,3,⋯,nI; 2:for i=1,2,3,⋯,nI do 3: for each element in Wi1,Wi2 do 4: Randomly generate a value in the range of −1 to 1; 5: end for 6:end for