| ANN | Artificial neural network |
| CNN | Convolutional neural netowrk |
| OSL | Odor source localization |
| LLM | Large language model |
| LSTM | Long short-term memory |
| Fusion | Vision and olfaction fusion |
| FWER | Family-wise error rate |
| Tukey’s HSD | Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference |
| VLMs | Vision language models |
| WOL | Web Ontology Language |