Table 1.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and results of BoNT therapy.
Age (years) [mean ± SD] | 54.5 ± 9.1 | |
Sex, (n [%]) | Women Men NR |
669 (60.3) 413 (37.4) 21 (1.9) |
Etiology, (n [%]) | Idiopathic Tardive Acquired NR |
650 (58.9) 272 (24.7) 138 (12.5) 72 (6.5) |
Subtype of OMD, (n [%]) | Jaw closing dystonia Tongue dystonia Jaw opening dystonia Mixed dystonia Jaw deviation dystonia Jaw protrusion dystonia Lip dystonia Perioral dystonia NR |
438 (39.7) 252 (22.8) 193 (17.5) 74 (6.7) 46 (4.2) 18 (1.6) 13 (1.2) 1 (0.1) 88 (8) |
Other dystonia, (n [%]) | Cervical dystonia Blepharospasm Limb dystonia Spasmodic dysphonia Writer‘s cramp Generalized dystonia Embouchure dystonia Other NR |
181 (16.4) 153 (13.9) 43 (3.9) 27 (2.4) 15 (1.4) 10 (0.9) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.2) 208 (18.9) |
Number of injections (times) [mean ± SD] | 4.1 ± 2.8 | |
Muscles injected, (n [%]) | Masseter Lateral pterygoid Genioglossus Temporalis Submentalis Medial pterygoid Anterior digastric Posterior digastric Orbicularis oris Risorius Mentalis Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Other NR |
537 (48.7) 278 (25.2) 258 (23.4) 210 (19) 186 (16.9) 60 (5.4) 47 (4.3) 30 (2.7) 29 (2.6) 17 (1.5) 15 (1.4) 14 (1.3) 12 (1.1) 46 (4.2) 31 (2.8) |
Dose (units) [mean ± SD] | Masseter Lateral pterygoid Genioglossus Temporalis Submentalis Medial pterygoid Anterior digastric Posterior digastric Platysma |
43.8 (35.7) 37.1 (48.9) 22.2 (12.6) 26.2 (14.3) 23.8 (9.2) 19 (5.7) 17.1 (7.9) 8.9 (4.6) 12.3 (6.7) |
Adverse events, (n [%]) | Dysphagia Dysarthria Pain Chewing difficulty Lip numbness Swelling None Other |
111 (10.1) 10 (0.9) 9 (0.8) 5 (0.5) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.2) 881 (79.9) 37 (3.4) |
OMD, oromandibular dystonia; NR, not reported.