| AHS | American Headache Society |
| CB | Carotid body |
| CGRP | Calcitonin gene-related peptide |
| CH | Cluster headache |
| CVLM | Caudal ventrolateral medulla |
| CYP2E1 | Cytochrome P450-2E1 |
| eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ETC | Electron transport chain |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association study |
| HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappa B |
| NTS | Nucleus tractus solitarius |
| PACAP38 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 |
| PHD | Prolyl hydrolase domain enzyme |
| pO2 | Partial pressure of oxygen |
| PVN | Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RVLM | Rostral ventrolateral medulla |
| SCN | Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| SDH | Succinate dehydrogenase |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| TNC | Trigeminal nucleus caudalis |
| VIP | Vasoactive intestinal peptide |