Table 8.
Study characteristics for additional sensors studies.
| Ref. | Year | Pathology | Technology | Study Goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [146] | 2019 | Paresis | Custom fingernail (RFID) and custom wrist worn (M6E-M RFID reader kit, ThingMagic, Bedford, MA, USA) | Monitor hand usage |
| [147] | 2019 | Not specified | Not specified | Characterization of the ultra-wideband channel signal during exercise performance |
| [148] | 2023 | Stroke (hemiplegia) | Custom finger band composed by LED SFH 4550 (Osram Opto Semiconductors, Regensburg, Germany) and Phototransistor SD5410 (Honeywell International Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA) and wristband composed by Adafruit Feather M0 Adalogger (Adafruit Industries, New York, NY, USA) | Hand movement measurement and estimation of finger angle flexion |
| [149] | 2023 | Not specified | Custom board composed by IMU ICM-20948 (InvenSense, San Jose, CA, USA), ECG AD8232 (Analog Devices, Wilmington, MA, USA), EMG MCP3912 (Microchip Technology, Chandler, AZ, USA), GSR LM324 (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA), SKT MLX90614 (Melexis, Tessenderlo, Belgium), MCU TMS320F28069M (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA), BLE CC2650 (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) and MCP73831 (Microchip Technology, Chandler, AZ, USA). | Adaptive assistive control of a wrist rehabilitation robot based on the patient’s physiological state. |
| [150] | 2019 | Not specified | Tobii Glasses (Tobbi, Stockholm, Sweden), e Enobio 8 (Neuroelectrics, Barcelona, Spain), BioHarness 3 (Zephyr Technology, Washington, DC, USA) and Shimmer 3 GSR+ (Shimmer, Dublin, Ireland) | Monitor physiological response of patients while establishing a human–machine interface |
| [151] | 2022 | Not specified | XSens MTw Awinda (XSens, Enschede, The Netherlands) and a custom system composed by an IMU and a network of strain sensors [163] | Monitoring shoulder motion |
| [152] | 2023 | Not specified | Custom Optical waveguides composed by two elastomers, a polyurethane elastomer corewith a higher refractive index (Smooth-on Inc., Macungie, PA, USA), a LED TSHA4400, Vishay Semconductors, Malvern, PA, USA), photodiode SFH229 (arm-OSRAM AG, Premstaetten, Austria) | Carbon fiber layer to constrain the stretching of the optical waveguide |
| [153] | 2019 | Not specified | Custom wristband composed by 10 modified barometric pressure sensor units (TakkTile, New York, NY, USA) | Wristband to recognise gestures and to estimate finger angle |
| [154] | 2020 | Stroke and Amputee | A-mode US transducers (model not specified) and Biometrics EMG (Biometrics Ltd., Newport, UK) | Comparative study between A-mode US and EMG sensors in gesture recognition |
| [155] | 2019 | Not specified | Custom forearm and distal strap composed by 8 FSR402 FMG sensors (Interlink Electronics Inc., Camarillo, CA, USA) | Minimum sampling frequency needed for recording upper-limb FMG signals |
| [156] | 2022 | Not specified | Custom arm strap composed by a piezoresistive unit fixed on a 3d printed structure, and National Instrument USB-6003 for data acquisition (National Instrument, Austin, TX, USA) | Recognizing human intention |
| [157] | 2019 | Stroke | Tactile arm brace (TAB), composed by 8 FSR sensors (model not specified) and use an Arduino (Arduino Srl, Turin, Italy) to acquire data. | Recognizing human intention |
| [158] | 2020 | Stroke and Amputee | Telemyo dts (Noraxon, Scottsdale, AZ, USA) and SMI Eye Tracking Glasses (SensoMotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany) | Gaze and EMG fusion to predict hand position |
| [159] | 2020 | CP and Developmental Dyspraxia | Haptic Device [164], Oculus Rift VK2 (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) and OptiTrackTM V120 Trio (NaturalPoint, Inc. DBA OptiTrack, Corvallis, OR, USA) | Physiotherapeutic efficacy of combining VR and wearable haptic devices. |
| [160] | 2021 | Stroke | Vicon Motion Capture (Vicon Motion Systems, Ltd., Oxford, England) | 3D movement prediction of multiple joints |
| [161] | 2020 | Stroke | Biometrics EMG (Biometrics Ltd., Newport, UK) and a custom device composed by Microphone SPU1410 (Knowles, Itasca, IL, USA). | Comparative study between electromyography and mechanomyography for measuring muscle activity |
| [162] | 2020 | SCI | Xiaomi MI Band Version 2 (Xiaomi Inc., Beijing, China) | Impact of shoulder pain on energy expenditure in manual wheelchair users. |