Table 2.

Quality assessment of RCTs, quasi-experimental, and observational studies.

Authors	Study Design	Tool for Assessment	Risk of Bias
Emily Gruber et al. [22]	Observational	STROBE	(19/33) Intermediate
Steven Kawczak et al. [23]	Observational	STROBE	(24/33) Intermediate
Natalia Y. Loskutova et al. [24]	Quasi-experimental	ROBINS-1	Moderate
Laurent Rigal et al. [25]	Quasi-experimental	ROBINS-1	Moderate
Yating You et al.[26]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Tracy A. Lieu et al. [27]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Peter G. Szilagyi et al. [28]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Peter G. Szilagyi et al. [29]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Marit Tuv et al. [30]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Hanley J Ho et al. [31]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Christophe Berkhout et al. [32]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Low
Emily Herrett et al. [33]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Some concerns
Richard K Zimmerman et al. [34]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Some concerns
Chyongchiou J Lin et al. [35]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Some concerns
Mary Patricia Nowalk et al. [36]	RCT	Cochrane ROB Tool	Some concerns