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. 2024 Dec 28;14:30872. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81722-2

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Variation of the effective focal length of the thick lens under non-paraxial illumination. The dotted line represents the actual focal length of the lens specified by the vendor. The solid line represents the numerically calculated effective focal length using experimental parameters in Eqs. 8 and 9.