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Performance of optimization algorithms on the tension/compression spring design problem.
| Algorithms | Optimal variables | Optimum cost | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x1 | x2 | x3 | ||
| TCOA | 0.0534 | 0.3940 | 9.7900 | 0.0132 |
| COA | 0.0644 | 0.6966 | 4.5952 | 0.0191 |
| TSA | 0.0536 | 0.4021 | 9.0649 | 0.0127 |
| PSO | 0.0696 | 0.9541 | 2.000 | 0.0185 |
| GWO | 0.0500 | 0.3172 | 14.0675 | 0.0127 |
