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. 2024 Dec 28;14:31001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82165-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig.5 — (A). kM-RIIIJ increases the influx of persistent sodium currents for the duration of ramp. Application of 100 nM kM-RIIIJ (red trace) significantly increased influx of persistent sodium currents for the duration of the ramp protocol by 14% in the range of -20 mV to + 5 mV compared to control (black trace). The effects were abolished in the presence of 1 μM TTX (blue and green trace). (B). 100 nM kM-RIIIJ increased the influx of charge density from -33.38 C/m² (control black trace) to -60.16 C/m² (red trace). n = 15 proprioceptor DRG neurons. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 determined by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.