Fig. 1.

Clostridium novyi-NT spores, after systemic or intratumoral injection, penetrate and germinate in mouse tumor tissue created by the TC-1 cell line (HPV-positive cervical cancer model). They continue to destroy cancer cells and cause extensive necrosis in the tumor tissue. A: Less than 48 h after the intratumoral injection of 10⁷Clostridium novyi-NT spores, hemorrhagic necrosis was noticeably observed in the tumor tissue. B: To ensure the rejuvenation of Clostridium novyi-NT spores in different areas of tumor tissue after injection, RT‒PCR was used to measure the native gene of phospholipase C (NT01CX0979) related to Clostridium novyi-NT bacteria. It was well established that the amount of this gene in tumor mice that received spores intratumorally is much higher than that in tumor mice that received spores systemically. Additionally, as expected, the amount of this gene was zero in tumor mice of the control and cisplatin receiving groups. C & D: The results of H&E staining and that the comparison of mitotic count of the tested groups shows that the amount of this factor is statistically significantly lower in the group receiving Clostridium novyi-NT spore’s intratumourally compared to the control group and the group receiving cisplatin. (* P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, *** P = 0.0001, **** P < 0.0001)