Table 3.
Stigma/discrimination, HIV services, and biomarkers among female sex workers (FSW), commercially and sexually exploited (CSE) girls and men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSM/TGW) in Papua New Guinea (2016–2017).
| FSW/CSE Girls (n = 1789) | MSM/TGW (n = 855) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15–24 years (n = 720) | Sample proportion (unweighted) % | Population proportion (weighted) % (95% CI) | ≥25 years (n = 1069) | Sample proportion (unweighted) % | Population proportion (weighted) % (95% CI) | 15–24 years (n = 378) | Sample proportion (unweighted) % | Population proportion (weighted) % (95% CI) | ≥25 years (n = 477) | Sample proportion (unweighted) % | Population proportion (weighted) % (95% CI) | |
| Ashamed to be FSW/CES girls or MSM/TGW | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 342 | 49.7 | 51.8 (47.6–56.0) | 469 | 45.2 | 48.1 (44.6–51.6) | 109 | 29.9 | 31.9 (25.1–38.6) | 135 | 29.2 | 30.6 (25.2–35.9) |
| No | 346 | 50.3 | 48.2 (44.0–52.4) | 568 | 54.8 | 51.9 (48.4–55.4) | 256 | 70.1 | 68.1 (61.4–74.9) | 328 | 70.8 | 69.4 (64.1–74.8) |
| Ashamed to disclose sex work to healthcare worker | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 171 | 32.5 | 33.0 (28.4–37.6) | 240 | 28.9 | 29.5 (25.6–33.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 356 | 67.5 | 67 (62.4–71.6) | 590 | 71.1 | 70.5 (66.6–74.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family’s attitude to MSM/TGW status | ||||||||||||
| Accepts me | – | – | – | – | – | – | 41 | 11 | 10.8 (6.2–15.3) | 70 | 14.8 | 12.8 (8.6–17) |
| Doesn’t know | – | – | – | – | – | – | 324 | 86.6 | 86.2 (81.2–91.2) | 394 | 83.1 | 85.2 (80.8–89.6) |
| Rejects me | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 2.4 | 3.0 (0.6–5.4) | 10 | 2.1 | 2 (0.4–3.6) |
| Ever been arrested because FSW or MSM/TGW | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 47 | 6.6 | 5.5 (3.8–7.3) | 105 | 9.8 | 10 (7.6–12.4) | 6 | 1.6 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 15 | 3.1 | 3.8 (1.3–6.2) |
| No | 671 | 93.4 | 94.5 (92.7–96.3) | 963 | 90.2 | 90 (87.5–92.4) | 372 | 98.4 | 98.3 (97.7–98.7) | 462 | 96.9 | 96.2 (93.8–98.7) |
| Experienced physical violence, last 12 months | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 201 | 27.9 | 28.3 (24.3–32.4) | 201 | 19.0 | 17.4 (14.6–20.1) | 104 | 27.9 | 25.7 (20.0–31.5) | 129 | 27.5 | 29.9 (24.5–35.2) |
| No | 519 | 72.1 | 71.7 (67.6–75.7) | 857 | 81.0 | 82.6 (79.9–85.4) | 269 | 72.1 | 74.3 (68.5–80.0) | 341 | 72.6 | 70.1 (64.8–75.5) |
| Access support services after any physical violence | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 69 | 34.3 | 34.8 (26.4–43.2) | 92 | 45.8 | 39.4 (30.1–48.7) | 28 | 31.5 | 25.3 (13.4–37.1) | 35 | 34.3 | 38.6 (27.3–49.9) |
| No | 132 | 65.7 | 65.2 (56.8–73.6) | 109 | 54.2 | 60.6 (51.3–69.9) | 61 | 68.5 | 74.7 (62.9–86.5) | 67 | 65.7 | 61.4 (50.1–72.7) |
| Experienced sexual violence, last 12 months | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 134 | 18.7 | 17.2 (13.8–20.6) | 148 | 14.0 | 13.0 (10.5–15.5) | 32 | 8.5 | 6.3 (3.5–9.1) | 40 | 8.4 | 9.8 (6.2–13.4) |
| No | 583 | 81.3 | 82.8 (79.4–86.2) | 910 | 86.0 | 87.0 (84.5–89.5) | 346 | 91.5 | 93.7 (90.9–96.5) | 435 | 91.6 | 90.2 (86.6–93.8) |
| Access support services after any sexual violence | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 51 | 38.1 | 42.4 (31.6–53.2) | 47 | 31.8 | 27.0 (20.1–33.9) | 2 | 6.7 | 13.6 (−5.9–33.1) | 1 | 2.6 | 3.5 (1.1–5.9) |
| No | 83 | 61.9 | 57.6 (46.8–68.4) | 101 | 68.2 | 73.0 (66.1–79.9) | 28 | 93.3 | 86.4 (66.9–105.9) | 37 | 97.4 | 96.5 (94.1–98.9) |
| Spoke with peer educator or outreach worker, last 12 months | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 338 | 48.6 | 43.7 (39.1–48.4) | 561 | 53.9 | 51.1 (47.2–55) | 194 | 52.4 | 46.4 (39.3–53.5) | 276 | 59.5 | 56.6 (50.6–62.6) |
| No | 358 | 51.4 | 56.3 (51.7–60.9) | 479 | 46.1 | 48.9 (45–52.8) | 176 | 47.6 | 53.6 (46.5–60.7) | 188 | 40.5 | 43.4 (37.4–49.4) |
| Given free condoms, last 12 months | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 359 | 50.2 | 47.9 (43.4–52.5) | 667 | 62.6 | 58.0 (54.1–61.8) | 200 | 53.5 | 55.1 (48.4–61.9) | 308 | 64.8 | 59.9 (54.2–65.6) |
| No | 356 | 49.8 | 52.1 (47.5–56.6) | 399 | 37.4 | 42.0 (38.2–45.9) | 174 | 46.5 | 44.9 (38.1–51.6) | 167 | 35.2 | 40.1 (34.4–45.8) |
| Comprehensive knowledge of HIV | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 193 | 26.8 | 27.1 (23.4–30.7) | 419 | 39.2 | 35.5 (31.8–39.2) | 145 | 38.4 | 34.5 (27.8–41.3) | 221 | 46.3 | 45.9 (40.1–51.7) |
| No | 527 | 73.2 | 72.9 (69.3–76.6) | 650 | 60.8 | 64.5 (60.8–68.2) | 233 | 61.6 | 65.5 (58.7–72.2) | 256 | 53.7 | 54.1 (48.3–59.9) |
| Active syphilis | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 31 | 4.3 | 3.9 (3.4–4.5) | 61 | 5.7 | 6.0 (4.4–7.6) | 22 | 5.8 | 5.7 (4.6–7.2) | 26 | 5.5 | 3.7 (1.9–5.5) |
| No | 687 | 95.7 | 96.1(95.5–96.6) | 1003 | 94.3 | 94.0 (92.4–95.6) | 355 | 94.2 | 94.3 (92.9–95.4) | 449 | 94.5 | 96.3 (94.5–98.1) |
| Have chlamydia and/or gonorrhea | ||||||||||||
| Yes, have both | 128 | 18.2 | 18.9 (15.2–22.5) | 81 | 7.7 | 6.2 (4.3–8.1) | 35 | 9.6 | 10.5 (6.1–14.8) | 19 | 4.1 | 4.9 (2.4–7.3) |
| Yes, have either | 52 | 7.4 | 5.9 (4.1–7.6) | 54 | 5.1 | 3.7 (2.5–5) | 71 | 19.5 | 15.8 (11.6–20.1) | 65 | 14.0 | 13.9 (10–17.9) |
| No | 524 | 74.4 | 71.4 (79.2–89.9) | 920 | 87.2 | 90.1 (87.8–92.4) | 258 | 70.9 | 73.6 (67.6–79.5) | 381 | 81.9 | 81.2 (76.6–85.8) |
| Ever tested for HIV | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 439 | 61 | 57.8 (53.3–62.3) | 767 | 71.9 | 71.5 (67.8–75.1) | 112 | 29.6 | 31.8 (25.4–38.3) | 204 | 42.8 | 41.8 (35.4–48.2) |
| No | 281 | 39 | 42.2 (37.8–46.7) | 300 | 28.1 | 28.5 (24.9–32.2) | 266 | 70.4 | 68.2 (61.7–74.6) | 273 | 57.2 | 58.2 (51.8–64.6) |
| HIV Status | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 105 | 14.8 | 13.3 (10.2–16.4) | 165 | 15.7 | 17.9 (14.6–21.2) | 17 | 4.6 | 13.3 (10.3–16.3) | 37 | 7.9 | 17.9 (14.6–21.2) |
| Negative | 605 | 85.2 | 86.7 (83.6–89.8) | 887 | 84.3 | 82.1 (78.8–85.4) | 356 | 95.4 | 86.7 (83.7–89.7) | 430 | 92.1 | 82.1 (78.8–85.4) |
| Know their HIV status (First 90) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 57 | 54.3 | 57.2 (53.3–61.1) | 47 | 29.2 | 30.3 (23.7–37.0) | 9 | 52.9 | 53.7 (45.6–61.6)* | 22 | 59.5 | 67.48 (62.4–72.9)* |
| No | 48 | 45.7 | 42.8 (38.9–46.8) | 114 | 70.8 | 69.7 (63–76.3) | 8 | 47.1 | 46.3 (38.4–54.5)* | 15 | 40.5 | 32.52 (27.4–38)* |
| HIV positive and on treatment (Second 90) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 41 | 85.4 | 83.5 (78.5–87.5) | 109 | 95.6 | 95.5 (92.1–98.9) | 7 | 87.5 | 95.1 (87.0–98.2)* | 11 | 73.3 | 74.7 (65–88.1)* |
| No | 7 | 14.6 | 16.5 (12.5–21.5) | 5 | 4.4 | 4.5 (1–7.9) | 1 | 12.5 | 4.9 (1.8–13.0)* | 4 | 26.7 | 25.3 (15.6–38.2)* |
| On treatment with HIV viral suppression (Third 90) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 30 | 73.2 | 83.2 (77.6–87.6) | 86 | 78.9 | 80.8 (72.8–88.8) | 7 | 100.0 | 100.0* | 8 | 72.7 | 74.8 (61.8–84.4)* |
| No | 11 | 26.8 | 16.8 (12.4–22.3) | 23 | 21.1 | 19.2 (11.2–27.2) | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0* | 3 | 27.3 | 25.2 (15.6–38.2)* |
*
Wilson binomial estimates.